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15 May 2016, Volume 44 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Whole-process management of perioperative period is crucial for ERCP GUO Xuegang 2016, 44 (5):  513-517.  doi: 10.11958/20160210 Abstract ( 1392 )   PDF (446KB) ( 4409 )   Abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most challenging technique of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients are most likely to benefit from this mini invasive treatment, meanwhile they bear high risk of complications, which might be life-threatening. Standard operation, standardized training, quality control and whole-process management of perioperative period are critical factors for ERCP training, and should be popularized in medical centers, where ERCP are performed. This paper has illustrated the whole-process management of perioperative period for ERCP, including preoperative preparation, decision-making during operation, postoperative management, as well as prevention and treatment of complications. By performing whole-process management of ERCP, patient can benefit more from ERCP operation, and which will serve more patients Related Articles | Metrics

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The evaluation of diagnosis and treatment effects of ERCP in bile leaks following orthotopic liver transplantation LI Wen1,2△, DONG Mo1,2, LI Yanru3, ZHANG Hao2, SUO Zongwu2 2016, 44 (5):  518-521.  doi: 10.11958/20160303 Abstract ( 1320 )   PDF (1585KB) ( 4035 )   Abstract： Objective To evaluate the curative efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on bile leaks after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Data of 12 cases, hospitalized in our hospital from March 2013 to February 2016, with bile leaks after OLT confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas (MRCP) or ERCP were retrospectively analyzed . The curative efficacy of ERCP was evaluated including clinical symptoms of bile leaks and complications, occurrence time and location, diagnosis and treatment process and efficacy. Results In this study, 12 cases were male patients, with the average age of 49.75±8.55 (age from 35 to 62 years old). Among them 11 cases were successfully treated by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), and the success rate of endoscopical therapy was 91.7%, the curative rate of bile leaks was 91.7% (11/12). No ERCP related serious complications and death were found in patients. Nine cases combined with biliary strictures and/or biliary duct stone/bile plug were performed endoscopic sphinctrotomy (EST) during the first time of ERCP, and accepted further ERCP treatment after 2 weeks when the bile leaks were healed. All patients with ENBD were carried out well except one case. Conclusion ERCP is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment method for different types of bile leaks after OLT. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of simultaneous self-expandable metal stents for palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction LI Weizhi, WANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Li, LI Huanxi, WANG Qing 2016, 44 (5):  522-524.  doi: 10.11958/20160221 Abstract ( 935 )   PDF (420KB) ( 3798 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the application of simultaneous metal stents for treatment of biliary and duodenal obstruction. Methods A retrospective review of clinical data in 32 patients underwent simultaneous placement of biliary and duodenal metal stent was performed. Changes of bilirubin and liver function indexes were observed before and after treatment in patients. Results The biliary stent placement and duodenal stent placement were successively performed in all patients. The indexes of liver function were improved, and the symptoms were relieved. Conclusion The combined self-expandable metal stenting for biliary and duodenal obstruction is a safe and effective treatment method. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of unexplained bile duct expansion before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ZHANG Li1, WANG Zhenyu1, WANG Guangxia2, WANG Qing1△ 2016, 44 (5):  525-528.  doi: 10.11958/20160220 Abstract ( 1519 )   PDF (585KB) ( 4160 )   ponding Abstract： Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for unexplained bile duct expansion in patients before retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods Sixty patients with unknown causes of bile duct dilatation were included in this study. Patients were examined by abdominal ultrasound (TUS), CT and (or) magnetic resonance imaging (MRCP) suggesting the dilatation of common bile duct, suspecting biliary pancreatic disease with unknown cause. EUS diagnosis was performed before ERCP surgery. The final diagnosis was confirmed by ERCP, pathology and follow-up diagnosis. Results Thirty-nine patients were diagnosed as distal bile duct stone by ERCP, 38 were diagnosed by EUS, and one case was diagnosed as common bile duct bottom tumors by EUS. There were 10 cases were diagnosed as common bile duct bottom tumors by ERCP and surgical pathology, 2 cases were diagnosed as biliary papillomatosis, 2 cases were diagnosed as periampullary carcinoma. There were 11, 0 and 3 cases were diagnosed by EUS. One case was diagnosed as distal bile duct stone, which was diagnosed as common bile duct bottom tumor by EUS. Two cases were diagnosed as papillary tumor of the bile duct, one of which was diagnosed as inflammatory stenosis, another one was diagnosed as periampullary carcinoma by EUS. Results of postoperative follow- up confirmed that 7 cases were duodenal papilla inflammatory stenosis. Eight cases were diagnosed by EUS, one of them was followed up and pathologically diagnosed as biliary papillomatosis by ERCP. The diagnostic accuray was 95% (57/60). Conclusion EUS has higher value in the diagnosis of unexplained bile duct expansion, which especially can improve the diagnostic rate of distal bile duct stone compared with that of MRCP detection, and can guide selectively ERCP, improve the therapeutic effect, and reduce its risk． Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the efficacy transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization for cirrhosis with esophageal gastric varices bleeding YANG Dan1, ZHANG Guoliang2△, WANG Fengmei3△, BIAN Fen1, JIA Kefeng4 2016, 44 (5):  529-534.  doi: 10.11958/20160136 Abstract ( 2282 )   PDF (469KB) ( 5024 )   Abstract：Objective To explore the clinical effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization (PTVE) on the treatment of cirrhosis with esophageal gastric varices bleeding. Methods The data of 61 patients of liver cirrhosis combined with esophageal gastric varices bleeding who underwent the interventional treatment were included in the retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into two groups, PTVE treatment group (n=42), and TIPS treatment group (n=19). The success rate of clinical treatment, the rebleeding rate, the alleviation of varicose veins, the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, survival rate and liver function parameters were compared between two groups. Results Two groups of surgery were successful. The portal vein pressure decreased obviously in TIPS group. The rebleeding rate was higher in PTVE group (78.6%) than that in TIPS group (63.2%). The total alleviation rate of esophageal gastric varices was significantly lower in PTVE group (50.0%) than that in TIPS group (89.5%, P＜0.05). The incidence rates of hepatic encephalopathy were 14.3% and 26.3% for PTVE group and TIPS group respectively. The two-year cumulative survival rates of PTVE group and TIPS group were 95.2% and 89.5% respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. After surgery, the liver function parameters were not significantly different from those determined before the treatment in PTVE group. At 1 month and 3 months after TIPS, the liver functions were declined obviously. At 6 and 12 months after the treatment, the liver functions were not significantly different from those determined before the treatment in PTVE group. Conclusion The surgery of TIPS is safe and ideal interventional treatment for cirrhosis with esophageal gastric varices bleeding, which has the lower rebleeding rate, better esophageal gastric varices alleviation rate and long term less influence in liver function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of HIF-1α on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration in colorectal cancer cells WU Lili1, SUN Huizhi1, SUN Ran2, ZHAO Nan1,3, WANG Yong1, GU Qiang1,3, DONG Xueyi1,3, LIU Fang1,3, SUN Baocun1,3,4△ 2016, 44 (5):  535-539.  doi: 10.11958/20150385 Abstract ( 1099 )   PDF (1136KB) ( 5628 )   Abstract:Objective To explore whether hypoxia could promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various differentiated colorectal cancer cells, and analyse the effect of hypoxia on invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Methods HCT116 (poorly differentiated) and HT-29 (highly differentiated) colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were selected respectively. The morphological changes of two cell lines were observed after 0， 10， 25， 50， 100 and 150 mg/L cobalt chloride (CoCl2) treatment for 48 h. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein was analysed after 0， 10， 25， 50， 100 and 150 mg/L CoCl2 treatment for 48 h. An optimal concentration of CoCl2 was then selected. Methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the proliferation of two kinds of colorectal cancer cells induced by CoCl 2 at different time points (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h), and to select an optimal time. Under the optimal concentration and time conditions, the HCT116 and HT- 29 cells were processed by hypoxia (hypoxia group) and normoxia (normoxic group). Transwell invasion assay and Wound healing assay were used to detect cell invasion and migration in two groups. Western blot assay and RT-PCR were used to detect protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, E-cadherin and Vimentin in two groups. Results Two kinds of cells showed obvious morphological changes after 50 mg/L CoCl2 treatment for 48 h. HIF- 1α protein level first increased and then decreased in two groups of cells with the increased concentration of CoCl2, and 50mg/L CoCl2 was the optimal concentration (P＜0.05). The cell proliferation showed a tendency to decrease after the increase in both kinds of cells with or without hypoxia for 0-96 h (P＜0.05), and 48 h was the optimal time. The transmembrane number and cell migration rate were significantly more in hypoxia group than those of normoxic group (P＜0.05). The protein and mRNA levels of HIF- 1α and Vimentin were significantly higher in hypoxia group than those of normoxic group in HCT116 and HT-29 cell lines (P＜0.05). E-cadherin protein and mRNA levels were significantly lower in hypoxia group than those of normoxic group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Hypoxia can promote EMT in different differentiated colorectal cancer cells, and can enhance invasion and migration of two kinds of colorectal cancer cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of P-selectin in colorectal cancer cells LUO Chunying1, HUANG Bingchen1, HUANG Qin2, CHEN Jiaxing2, LU Haishan1, WEI Yesheng3, 2016, 44 (5):  540-542.  doi: 10.11958/20150110 Abstract ( 1175 )   PDF (616KB) ( 5247 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of P-selectin in colorectal cancer cells. Methods The protein expression of P-selectin was detected by immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer tissues (n=116) and corresponding non- tumor normal mucosa(n=57). The differences of P- selectin expression in colorectal cancer tissues, corre⁃ sponding non-tumor normal mucosa and the clinical pathological significance were compared and analysed in two groups. Results The expression of P-selectin protein was found not only in vascular endothelial cells but also in colorectal cancer cells. The positive rate of P-selectin expression was apparently higher in colorectal cancer cells (77.6%, 90/116) than that in normal mucosa (17.5%, 10/57, χ2=56.49, P ＜0.05). However, there were no significance in positive rates of P-selectin in colorectal cancer cells between tumors with different diameters, different degrees of differentiation, different depths of infiltration and with or without lymph node metastasis (80.6% vs. 74.1%, 79.0% vs. 74.3%, 78.4% vs. 76.9%, 82.7% vs. 73.4%, P＞0.05). Conclusion The high expression of P-seletin in colorectal cancer cells is an important characteristic of colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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The association between snoRNA profiles and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer HAN Lu, SONG Fengju, HUANG Yubei, ZHENG Hong, CHEN Kexin△ 2016, 44 (5):  543-547.  doi: 10.11958/20150384 Abstract ( 1048 )   PDF (529KB) ( 4150 )   Abstract:Objective To identify snoRNA, which may be related to prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods Ninetygastric cancer patients who diagnosed at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were randomly collected in this study, and their clinical data were followed up. A total of 405 snoRNA expression profiles were analyzed in 90 gastric cancer patients. Patients were classified as "low expression" group or "high expression" group according to the median expression of each snoRNA expression, which was calculated by univariate and multivariate survival analysis. We also screened out the snoRNAs, in which patients were survived differently. Patients were classified as high, middle, or low risk groups based on the snoRNA risk score. Values of age, gender, smoking, drinking, histological differentiation (well, moderately-differentiated and poorly differentiated), clinical stage (Ⅰ+Ⅱstage and Ⅲ+Ⅳstage), tumor size (<5 cm and ≥5 cm), tumor location (upper 1/3 and others) and snoRNA isk score (high, middle, and low risk group) were assessed by multivariate Cox analysis. Results There were significant differences in overall survival and (or) progression-free survival rates in 19 patients with high and low snoRNAs expressions (P < 0.05). Results of multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with high expression of ACA61， ACA27 and U36A showed a higher overall survival and progression-free survival rates, while patients with high expression of ENSG00000206898 showed a lower overall survival and progression-free survival survival rates (P < 0.01). SnoRNA risk score is an independent prognostic factor or patients with gastric cancer. Compared with low risk group, patients in middle risk group and in high risk group showed a shorter overall survival and progression-free survival rates (P < 0.001). Conclusion The expressions of ACA61, ACA27, U36A and ENSG00000206898 are independent prognostic factors of gastric cancer. Low expressions of the first three indexes and high expressions of the last one predict a bad prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of stem cell marker Sox2 in human gastric cancer CHEN Zhong1, XIE Feng2, ZHONG Fengyun3, DU Hong4, YAN Yongmin5, QIAN Hui5 2016, 44 (5):  548-551.  doi: 10.11958/20150286 Abstract ( 1849 )   PDF (477KB) ( 4420 )   Abstract： Objective To detect the expression of stem cell marker Sox2 in gastric cancer (GC). Methods The mRNA and protein expressions of Sox2 in paired primary tumor tissues and their matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues in a series of 60 cases of human GC were examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). χ2 test was used to analyze the correlation of Sox2 expression with clinicopathological parameters of GC tissues including age, gender, tumor size, histological type, TNM stage, differentiation degree, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Results RT-PCR results showed that the positive rate of Sox2 expression was significantly increased in gastric tumor tissues (53.3%, 32/60) compared with that of matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues (20.0%, 12/60, P＜0.01). Semi-quantitative analysis showed that the relative intensity of Sox2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues (0.724±0.209) than that in tissues adjacent to carcinoma (0.256±0.065， P＜0.01). The positive expression of Sox2 was significantly higher in gastric tumor tissues (50.0%, 30/60) than that of matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues (16.7%, 10/60， P＜0.01). The positive expression of Sox2 was significantly higher in gastric tumor patients with TNM stage (Ⅲ＋Ⅳ) than that of TNM stage (Ⅰ＋Ⅱ). The positive expression of Sox2 was significantly higher in gastric tumor patients with low differentiation and undifferentiated tumor cells than that of patients with middle and high differented cells. The positive expression of Sox2 was also significantly higher in gastric tumor patients with the depth of invasion T3-T4 than that of patients with T1- T2. The positive expression of Sox2 was significantly higher in gastric tumor patients with lymph node metastasis than that of patients without lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusion The elevated expression of Sox2 is associated with the initiation, invasion, progression, and metastasis of GC. Sox2 may serve as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic marker for human GC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of miR-506 on malignance phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma cells LIU Tao1,2, ZU Caihua3, SHEN Zhongyang1,2△ 2016, 44 (5):  552-555.  doi: 10.11958/20160018 Abstract ( 706 )   PDF (650KB) ( 3791 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate effects of microRNA-506 (miR-506) on malignant phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, including cellular viability, proliferation and invasion. Methods HCC cell lines HepG2 and QGY- 7703 were served as model. Five experimental groups were established in this study, including cell control, pcDNA3 blank vector control, miR-506 over-expression, pSIH1 blank vector control and miR-506 suppression groups. Real-time reverse transcription PCR assay was performed to measure miR- 506 level. CCK- 8, colony formation and Transwell assays were performed to detect viability, colony formation activity and invasion activity of HCC cell lines, respectively. Effects of miR- 506 on these indexes were evaluated. Results In HepG2 and QGY-7703 cell lines, miR-506 level increased in the miR- 506 over-expression group (P＜0.01), and its level decreased in the miR-506 suppression group (P＜0.05) compared with the related blank vector control groups. In the miR-506 over-expression group, cellular viability was significantly reduced (P＜0.01), cell colony number decreased, and number of cell penetrating Transwell microporous membrane was also decreased (P＜0.01). In the miR- 506 suppression group, cellular viability significantly increased (P＜0.01), and both colony number and penetrating cell number increased (P＜0.05). Also, there were no effects on the above indexes in pcDNA3 and pSIH1 blank vector control groups compared with those of cell control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion miR- 506 plays a tumor suppressor role in HCC cells by inhibiting cell viability, colony formation and invasion. Related Articles | Metrics

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GANT61 as an inhibitor of Gli inhibits growth and invasion of esophageal adenocarcinoma WANG Lei1, DU Yuankun2,WANG Lin1， MI Yuan1， LIAO Haijiang1 2016, 44 (5):  556-559.  doi: 10.11958/20150351 Abstract ( 927 )   PDF (535KB) ( 3953 )   Abstract:Objective To study the inhibitory effects of GANT61, as an inhibitor of Gli, on the growth of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines OE19 and OE33, and their mechanisms thereof. Methods After treating with different concentrations of GANT61(30， 20， 13.333 3， 8.888 8， 5.925 9， 3.950 6， 2.633 7， 1.755 8， 1.170 5 μmol/L)， the cell viabilities of OE19 and OE33 were detected by MTS method, which expressed by IC50. The Gli1and Gli2 mRNA expressions treated with GANT61(10 μmol/L GANT61) or DMSO for 24 h were detected in OE19 and OE33 cell lines by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The protein expressions of Gli1, Gli2 and CyclinD1 treated with GANT61 or DMSO for 24 h were detected in OE19 and OE33 cell lines by Western blot assay. Transwell invasion assay was performed to evaluate the inhibiting effect on OE19 and OE33 cell invasion by the treatment of GANT61 or DMSO. Results The IC50 of GANT61 was 8.08 μmol/L in OE19 and 9.65 μmol/L in OE33 cells. Compared with DMSO group, Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA expressions and Gli1,Gli2 and CyclinD1 protein expressions were significantly decreased in OE19 and OE33 cells of GANT61 group (P＜ 0.05). The number of penetrating cells was significantly reduced in OE19 and OE33 cells of GANT61 group compared with that of DMSO group (P < 0.01). Conclusion GANT61 can inhibit the growth and invasion of esophageal neoplasms cells by down-regulating Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA expression， which indicates that Hedgehog signaling pathway may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of high insulin on chemotherapeutic sensitivity in MCF-7/ADR cells ZHU Nannan1, MU Lan2, LI Daiqing1? 2016, 44 (5):  560-563.  doi: 10.11958/20150257 Abstract ( 1105 )   PDF (337KB) ( 3780 )   Abstract:Objective To analyse the effects of high insulin on the expression and function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and preliminarily investigate the influence of insulin on chemotherapeutic sensitivity in MCF- 7/ADR cells. Methods MCF-7/ADR cells were cultured with different concentrations of insulin（0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 μmol/L). Real time PCR was used to detect the expression of P-gp mRNA. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of P gp. Rhodamine 123 was used to detect the efflux function level of P-gp. Cell viability and chemotherapeutic sensitivity were detected by MTT assay. Results High concentration of insulin (0.1 μmol/L) promoted the proliferation of MCF- 7/ADR cells. The concentration of insulin (0.05 and 0.1 μmol/L) accelerated P- gp mRNA and protein expression, which also augmented the efflux function of P-glycoprotein and reduced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity to epirubicin. Conclusion High concentration of insulin may influence the drug resistance of breast cancer cells by promoting the expression and function of P-glycoprotein of MCF-7/ADR cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression and clinical significance of 12 kinds of microRNAs in ovary cancer TENG Changcai， ZHENG Hong△ 2016, 44 (5):  563-567.  doi: 10.11958/20150352 Abstract ( 1217 )   PDF (631KB) ( 4448 )   Abstract:Objective To analyse the expression and clinical significance of 12 kinds of microRNAs (miR) in patients with ovarian cancer using public gene expression databases. Methods The microRNA expression data were screened in dataset GSE14407 and TCGA database, then 12 kinds of microRNAs were obtained including miR-10B, miR-1244, miR- 622, miR-21, miR-503, Let-7D, miR-155, miR-30C, miR-17, miR-101-1, miR-186 and miR-770. The expression data of these 12 kinds of microRNAs were compared and identified to find the differential ones between normal tissue and tumors. Data of 505 ovary cancer patients were divided into two groups by age, tumor grade, clinical stage, disease location, tumor residual and microRNA expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were used to compare the overall survival of ovary cancer patients between two groups. Results Compared with ovary cancer, the expression levels of Let-7D and miR-101-1 were higher, but the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-770 were decreased, in adjacent tissue of ovary tumor (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis result showed that lower survival rates were found in patients with age≥59 years, clinical stage (Ⅲ+Ⅳ) and lower Let-7D expression (P < 0.05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the decreased expression level of Let-7D was the independent risk factor for the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Conclusion The expression of Let- 7D is correlated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer, which is the independent biomarker to predict prognosis of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on mechanisms of deoxypodophyllotoxin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in human lung cancer NCI-H358 cells CHEN Zhenhua, QIU Xincai△, LIN Shufang, GAN Zhenyong 2016, 44 (5):  568-572.  doi: 10.11958/20160058 Abstract ( 936 )   PDF (1022KB) ( 4228 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of deoxypodophyllotoxin on cell proliferation and mi⁃ gration of human lung cancer NCI-H358 cells in vitro. Methods CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay and DCFH-DA assay were used to detect the effects of deoxypodophyllotoxin on the proliferation, cells cycle, apoptosis, mi⁃ gration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The protein expressions of Cyclin B1, Cdc25c, CDK1, Caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2, MMP9, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK were measured by Western blot assay, respectively. Results Deoxypodophyllotoxin inhibited cell proliferation and reduced migration in human lung cancer NCI-H358 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with deoxypodophyllotoxin resulted in cell cycle G2/M and S phase arrest, cell apoptosis and ROS production. The result of Western blot assay showed that protein expressions of Cyclin B1, Cdc25c, CDK1, Bcl-2 and MMP9 were down regulated while Caspase-3 and p53 were up-regulated. Moreover, Deoxypodophyllotoxin treatment decreased the phosphory⁃ lated levels of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK obviously. Conclusion Deoxypodophyllotoxin could suppress the proliferation and migration of human lung cancer NCI-H358 cells in vitro, which is a potential anti-tumor drug. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of JNK in the hydrogen treatment for intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe septic mice v 2016, 44 (5):  573-576.  doi: 10.11958/20150388 Abstract ( 1143 )   PDF (527KB) ( 4085 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of JNK in intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe septic mice treated by hydrogen. Methods Eighty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 each):sham operation group, hydrogen control group, sepsis group and hydrogen treatment group. Severe sepsis rat model was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Laparotomy without CLP was performed in sham operation group and hydrogen control group. The mice in hydrogen control group and hydrogen treatment group received 1-hour inhalation of 2% hydrogen at 1 hour and 6 hours after sham operation or CLP, respectively. Ten mice of each group were selected at 20 h after CLP operation and were gavaged with fluorescein- isothiocyanate- conjugated dextran (FITC- dextran). Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture to measure the serum concentration of FITC-dextran 4 h after treatment with FITC-dextran . Ten mice in each group were sacrificed at 24 h after CLP operation. The colony-forming unit (CFU) numbers in the peritoneal lavage fluid were counted. The middle intestinal tissues were obtained for the measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α), interleukin (IL)-1β and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) by ELISA. The level of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and the expression of tight junction protein ZO- 1 and Occludin were detected by Western blot assay. The intestinal pathological changes and epithelial ultrastructure changes were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM). Results There was no statistical significance in clinical variables between sham operation group and hydrogen control group. Compared with sham operation group, the serum FITC- dextran concentration, the CFU numbers in the peritoneal lavage fluid, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 in intestine, and the expression of p-JNK were significantly increased, the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin were down-regulated in sepsis group（P < 0.05). There was a significant intestinal pathological injury along with epithelial ultrastrcture injury in sepsis group. Compared with sepsis group, the serum FITC-dextran concentration, the CFU numbers in the peritoneal lavage fluid, the levels of intestinal TNF- α, IL-1β and HMGB1, and the expression of p-JNK were significantly decreased, the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin were up-regulated in hydrogen treatment group（P < 0.05), and the pathological and ultrastructure damage was significantly reduced. Conclusion Hydrogen can decrease levels of proinflammatory factors and up-regulate the expression of tight junction to improve intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by severe sepsis, which is related with the inhibition of JNK signaling pathway Related Articles | Metrics

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A preliminary study on serum proteomics approach in rats of 24-h rapid eye movement sleep deprivation GUO Xingdao1,2, GAO Miaomiao1, LI Tingting1,2, ZHANG Guirong1△ 2016, 44 (5):  577-581.  doi: 10.11958/20150207 Abstract ( 857 )   PDF (1083KB) ( 3825 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the differential expressions of serum proteins by proteomics approach in rat model of sleep deprivation. Methods A rat model of 24-h rapid eye movement sleep deprivation was induced by MMPM. Twenty four rats were randomly and averagely divided into three groups, namely, model group (M), model control group (MC) and blank control group (BC). Changes of body mass in rats were observed. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the effect of sleep deprivation on learning and memory ability. Serum proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by LC-MS/MS. Results There was no significant difference in rat body weight between BC group and MC group. After sleep deprivation, mental irritable, pelage dull and weight loss were found in M group, but no significant changes were found in learning and memory ability. There were no significant differences in the number of protein spots between three groups. Four proteins were down regulated: Serotransferrin, Glutathione peroxidase 3, Ig kappa chain C region, B allele and Collagen alpha- 2(I) chain. Conclusion The short term sleep deprivation may be related to iron metabolism, oxidative d Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of annulus fibrosus partial defect model in sheep YUAN Qiuming1,2， XU Baoshan2△， YANG Qiang2， LIU Yue2， JIANG Hongfeng2， ZHANG Yang2， 2016, 44 (5):  582-585.  doi: 10.11958/20160030 Abstract ( 888 )   PDF (2040KB) ( 3786 )   ponding Abstract： Objective To establish an animal model of annulus fibrosus (AF) partial defect for the repairing of interver⁃ tebral disc (IVD) defect. Methods Image J 1.46r software was used to measure the T12/L1-L6/S1 intervertebral height in ovine lumbar spine X-ray films. AF thickness was measured by axial split disc. A 11 blade was used to make a trapezoid de⁃ fect of upper bottom 3 mm, lower bottom 5 mm, height 5 mm and thickness 3 mm, whose lower bottom toward the nucleus pulposus (NP) in the left front of ovine lumbar IVD in vitro. The minimally invasive lateral approach was used to make the same type of trapezoid defect in the left front of the ovine lumbar IVD in vivo. The trapezoidal defect length of the axial divid⁃ ing disc was measured, AF and a small amount of NP from trapezoidal defect in IVD were weighed, and the production of trapezoidal defect in IVD was evaluated. Results The lumbar intervertebral space height of ovine was (4.45±0.28) mm. There were significant differences in the thickness of AF (4.08±0.50) mm , thickness (3 mm) and height (5 mm) of trapezoidal defect (P < 0.05), respectively. There were no significant differences in trapezoidal defects in ovine lumbar IVD in vitro on the upper bottom (3.03±0.09)mm, the lower bottom (5.03±0.09) mm, the height (4.97±0.10) mm, the thickness(3.02±0.06) mm and the trapezoidal defect predetermined value on the upper bottom 3 mm, the lower bottom 5 mm, the height 5 mm and the thickness 3 mm (P > 0. 05). The weights of the AF and NP taken out from ovine lumbar IVD in vitro and in vivo were (0.162 ± 0.011) g and (0.166 ± 0.014) g, and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion Through the operation of minimally invasive lateral approach, the method of making a trapezoidal defect in the experiments can establish animal model of AF partial defect, which meets the requirements for the repairing of IVD defect, and is simple, safe and reliable Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of protein kinase B and phosphorylation expression in the skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas of miniature pig model with type 2 diabetes mellitus model YU Jian1, ZOU Disha2, YE Yao2, ZHOU Suxian1, ZHENG Tianpeng1, YANG Fan1 2016, 44 (5):  586-588.  doi: 10.11958/20150202 Abstract ( 939 )   PDF (533KB) ( 3892 )   Abstract:Objective To study the feasibility of Bama miniature pig model establishment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ), and observe the changes in protein kinase B (PKB) and phosphorylation expressions in skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreatic tissues of the miniature pig model. Methods A total of 10 healthy male Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=5, fed normal diet) and diabetic model group (n=5, fed high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with STZ to establish T2DM Bama miniature pig model). The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were measured, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated in two groups. The PKB and phosphorylation expressions in skeletal muscle, liver and pancreatic tissues were measured using Western blot assay. Results (1) After 10 months of high-fat and high-sugar diet, the body weight, FPG, FINS and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in model group than those of control group (P < 0.01). (2) After STZ treatment, compared with control group, there was a further increased level of FPG and a significantly decreased level of FINS in model group (P < 0.01). (3) Compared with control group, the PKB and phosphorylation expression levels in skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas were significantly lower in model group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The high-fat and high sugar diet combined with STZ can successfully establish the T2DM miniature pig model. The PKB and phosphorylation expression levels in skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreatic tissues are decreased in model pigs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection of Schisandra chinensis extract in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice XIAO Na1, CAO Bo2, LIU Bin3, WANG Huo3, GAO Ying2, YAO Lifu2, WEI Luqing3△ 2016, 44 (5):  589-593.  doi: 10.11958/20150212 Abstract ( 937 )   PDF (1957KB) ( 4069 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the protective effcets of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE) in paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice，and its intrinsic molecular mechanisms thereof. Methods A total of 108 mice were randomly allocated into six groups (n=18): control group, model group, low concentration of SCE group (200 mg/kg), medium concentration of SCE group (400 mg/kg), high concentration of SCE group (800 mg/kg) and vitamin C group (100 mg/kg). Except control group, mice were given by intragastric administration with PQ (100 mg/kg) and administered with SCE and Vitamin C once per 24 h after PQ modeling. Mice were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 d after modeling. Six mice were executed at different time points. The degree of lung tissue inflammation and fibrosis were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of transforming growth (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Results (1) Compared with control group, the lung tissue of model group showed a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, space congestion, and its inflammation scores increased at 7 and 14 days after modeling (P < 0.05). At the same time, compared with model group and vitamin C group, inflammation scores were significantly decreased in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with control group, collagen fibersand the degree of fibrosis were significantly increased in model group， while pulmonary fibrosis were decreased in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group at 14 and 21 days after modeling (P < 0.05). (3) With the extension of modeling time, both mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 were obviously elevated, IL-6 decreased and IL- 17 reduced after the first increase in PQ group. Compared with PQ group, levels of three cytokines mRNA and protein expression in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group changed as follows: IL-6 level was markedly decreased at 7 and 14 days after modeling; TGF-β1 level was markedly increased at 14 and 21 days after modeling. However, IL-17 level was markedly decrease at three time points（P < 0.05） . Conclusion SCE can relieve PQ-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-17 expressions. Related Articles | Metrics

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The brain edema and Mip1 expression of perihematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage in rat model ZHOU Renlan1△, XIE Peng2, WANG Zhen2, LIU Lin2 2016, 44 (5):  594-597.  doi: 10.11958/59007 Abstract ( 885 )   PDF (1090KB) ( 3958 )   △Corresponding Author E-mail： katherine69@yeah.net Abstract:Objective To explore the protective effect of Mip1 on cerebral edema by observing the Mip1 expression of perihematoma in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rat model. Methods Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n = 15) and ICH group (n = 75). ICH group was equally subdivided into 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d groups according to cerebral hemorrhage time, 15 in each group. Hematoma was formed by infusing autologous femoral artery blood into the right caudate nucleus. Rats were killed at the above time points, brain tissues around hematoma were taked. The pathological morphological changes in brain tissue around hematoma were observed using HE staining. The water content of brain (BWC) was measured with dry /wet weight method, and immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the average optical density value of Mip1 protein in perihematoma. Results Neuronal cell body of perihematoma was significantly decreased after ICH, the cytoplasm light staining, Nissl body reduced obviously in cytoplasm, and edema fissure appeared around cells, however, no obvious changes of nerve cells were detected in sham- operated group. Brain edema gradually increased at 6 h, and reached peak at 3 d (all P＜0.05), then up to normal at 7 d after intracerebral hemorrhage (P＞0.05). A large amount of brown Mip1 positive cells were found to distribute in cytoplasm and nucleus of perihematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage. The Mip1 protein expression level was higher in 6 h after intracerebral hemorrhage than that in sham-operated group (all P＜0.05), and returned to normal level at 7 d (P＞0.05). Conclusion The high expression of Mip1 after ICH is in line with the trend of the brain edema development, and shows that the activation of Mip1 may participate in the pathological process of hemorrhagic cerebral edema. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on pancreatic fibrosis in rats with chronic pancreatitis 2016, 44 (5):  598-601.  doi: 10.11958/20150006 Abstract ( 1064 )   PDF (700KB) ( 3787 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on pancreatic fibrosis in rats of chronic pancreatitis. Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group and transplanted group (n=10 for each group). Chronic pancratitis rat model was induced by retrograde injection of oleic acid into the biliopancreatic duct. The sham operation group was treated only with solvent. Transplanted group was given BMSCs through caudal vein injection at 1 week and 5 weeks after the model induction. All rats were weighed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks in three groups. After 8-week feeding， pancreatic tissues were harvested for HE and picric-sirius staining. The contents of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), type Ⅰ collagen and type Ⅲ collagen were detcted by using ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the weights of rats were decreased at 4 weeks and 8 weeks in model group and transplantated group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in body weights between model group and transplantated group (P＞0.05). The pancreatic fibrosis score and pathological injury were ameliorated signicantly in transplanted group. The contents of TGF-β1, type Ⅰ collagen and type Ⅲ collagen in pancreas were increased in model group than those of control group and transplanted group (P＜0.05). Conclusion BMSCs transplantation can reduce the collagen secretion and reduce the degree of pancreatic fibrosis in rats with chronic pancreatitis, which may be related to the inhibition of the release of TGF-β1 Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen saturation and pulmonary#br# shunt fraction in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation#br# MENG Yun1， ZHANG Hua1， XIA Zhiqun2， YU Yonghao2△， SONG Chunhua3 2016, 44 (5):  602-604.  doi: 10.11958/20150308 Abstract ( 1020 )   PDF (342KB) ( 4196 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen saturation and pulmonary shunt fraction in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱ patients, aged 46- 71 years, with body mass index (BMI)18- 24 kg/m2 and scheduled for thoracotomy were randomly divided into three groups (n=20 each):high dose dexmedetomidine group (group D1), low dose dexmedetomidine group (group D2) and control group (group C). Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused in group D1 after anesthesia induction, and then a rate of 0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1 was continuously infused. Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was infused in group D2 after anesthesia induction, and then a rate of 0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1 was continuously infused. Group C was received the equal volume of normal saline. Anesthesia was main⁃ tained with propofol-remifentanil and intermittent iv boluses of rocuronium. Arterial and jugular venous blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction (T0), at 15 min after two-lung ventilation (T1), at 5 min (T2) and 30 min (T3) of OLV for blood gas analysis. Value of Qs/Qt was calculated and SctO2 was recorded at the same time. Results Compared with group C and group D2, Qs/Qt was decreased at T2 in group D1 (P < 0.05). Qs/Qt was lower at T3 in group D1 and D2 than that of group C, and which was lower in group D1 than that of group D2 (P < 0.05). In group C and group D1 a significant de⁃ crease in SctO2 was observed at T2 and T3 compared to that at T0 and T1 (P < 0.05). SctO2 was significantly higher at T2 and T3 in group D2 than that in group C and group D1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine given during OLV undergoing thoracotomy can improve oxygenation, decrease pulmonary shunt fraction and reduce the occurrence of low SctO2 Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of direct and indirect repair methods on microleakage in weak anterior teeth root canals v 2016, 44 (5):  605-609.  doi: 10.11958/20150334 Abstract ( 825 )   PDF (1047KB) ( 4054 )   Abstract:Objective To compare the difference of the microleakage repaired by direct method and indirect method of the funnel shaped root canal in the anterior teeth. Methods A total of 22 middle teeth at the similar size were collected, prepared into funnel root canal after finishing the root filling. The teeth were divided into A and B groups randomly, and there were 11 test pieces in each group. The root canal was repaired by direct method in group A and indirect method in group B. After 500 thermal- cold cycling and 240 000 dynamic cyclic loading，one tooth was selected in each group randomly. The microstructure were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). One piece of each group was randomly selected and the image of the core and the dentin was scanned by electron microscope. The remaining 20 pieces were dyed by India ink, dealt with transparent, compared and observed under the microscope. The degree of microleakage was recorded and analyzed in two groups. Results Under electron microscope, a gap can be observed in the bonding interface of group A. The gap was significantly bigger than that of group B. The leakage was significantly serious in group A than that in group B (P <0.05). Conclusion The level of microleakage of anterior teeth with flared canals, which is restored by fiber post core with the indirect method, is significantly better than that with the direct method. The indirect method has a good edge seal action and is more suitable for clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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The myocardium protection of the joint application of adenosine and cold-blood cardioplegia containing potassium in coronary artery bypass grafting WANG Hongwu, LYU Peng, RONG Yansheng△ 2016, 44 (5):  609-612.  doi: 10.11958/59026 Abstract ( 1180 )   PDF (323KB) ( 3896 )   Abstract:Objective To observe the myocardium protection of the joint application of adenosine and cold- blood cardioplegia containing potassium in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass. MethodsOne hundred patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and thirty patients underwent replacement of mitral valve were included in this study, and patients were randomized to two groups. Adenosine group (group I):6 mg adenosine was diluted with physiological saline and injected from the root of the ascending aorta after blocking it. The aorta was then perfused with high- potassium cold- blood cardioplegia. Control group (group II):the aorta was just perfused with high potassium cold- blood cardioplegia. Adenosine was only added in first perfusion in adenosine group. Both groups were reperfused half-amount of cold-blood cardioplegia containing potassium every 30 minutes. Relevant clinical indexes and myocardial enzymological determination were compared between two groups. Results For patients who underwent CABG, the cardiac arrest induced time， ICU dwell and assisted ventilation time after surgery and dopamine usage were all less in adenosine group than those of control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the total number of cardioplegia of perfusion fluid, the total amount of perfusion, clamping aorta and assisting circulation times and automatic rebeating between two groups (P > 0.05). For patients who underwent MVR, the cardiac arrest induced time and dopamine usage were all less in adenosine group than those of control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in times and total number of cardioplegia of perfusion fluid, clamping aorta and assisting circulation times, ICU dwell and assisted ventilation time after surgery automatic rebeating between two groups (P > 0.05). For both operations, 4 hours after clamping aorta, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) was less in adenosine group than that of control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and 4 hours and 24 hours after bypass, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was significantly higher in control group than that of adenosine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion After aorta is clamped, immediate injection of adenosine diluent and cold- blood cardioplegia containing potassium from the root of the ascending aorta can lead to quick heart arrest, reduce the release of myocardial enzymes and dosage of vasoactive agents, and shorten ICU dwell and assisted ventilation time Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of a miRNA-137 rs1625579 polymorphism with neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia LYU Dong, FANG Fang, ZOU Xiaobo, LIN Juda, YIN Jingwen△ 2016, 44 (5):  613-616.  doi: 10.11958/20150426 Abstract ( 968 )   PDF (323KB) ( 4738 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the aassociation of a microRNA-137 (miR-137) polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1625579, with neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 250 patients with schizophrenia were included in this study. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate patients. The brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia (BACS) scale was used to determine neurocongnitive functions in patients. Blood samples of patients were collected, and SNaPshot technique was used to compare the neurocognitive functions of different genotypes of rs1625579. Results The genotypes of TT, GT and GG were 221 (88.4%), 28 (11.2%) and 1(0.4%). There was no significant difference in PANSS score between TT genotype carriers and G allele (GG+GT) carriers. The detection of BACS showed that the digit sequencing score was significantly lower in patients with TT genotype than that of G allele (GG+GT) carrier (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other scores of BACS evaluation between two groups of patients. Conclusion The miR-137 polymorphism influences the working memory performance of schizophrenic patients in Chinese Han population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of soft and hard tissues of patients with Angle class Ⅱ division I malocclusion following orthodontic treatment with extraction YAN Yan1, WANG Jianguo2, ZHANG Linkun2 2016, 44 (5):  617-620.  doi: 10.11958/20150222 Abstract ( 951 )   PDF (510KB) ( 4310 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate changes in craniomaxillofacial soft and hard tissues following orthodontic treatment by MBT edgewise technique with fix appliance in patients with Angle class Ⅱ division Ⅰ malocclusion. Methods Fifty patients with Angle class Ⅱ division Ⅰ malocclusion were selected in this study. All patients were treated with MBT edgewise technique. Cephalometrics tracings were performed before treatment and after treatment. Cephalometrics measurements were statistically analysed by t-test. Results After the orthodontic treatment, the main changes were the reduction of maxillary and mandibular prominence and the increasement of the Pg′B′-FH and Pog-Pog′ and upper-lower prominence as well. The appearance of uncovered teeth by their lips was obviously improved. The changes of soft issue profile are the increment of nasolabial angle and the changes among UL-U1, LL-L1 and the E-line. Conclusion Patients with Angle class Ⅱ division Ⅰ malocclusion have normal overjet and overbite, and also have a better appearance of soft tissue after the extraction treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Brain tumors in patients with intractable epilepsy: a clinicopathologic study of thirty-six cases LI Yan△, LIU Yongling, GUO Jun， LIANG Le, FU Jing, XING Wei, LENG Hui 2016, 44 (5):  620-624.  doi: 10.11958/20150254 Abstract ( 1033 )   PDF (1065KB) ( 4266 )   Abstract： Objective To study the clinicopathologic features of brain tumors in patients with medically intractable lepsy. Methods The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of brain tumors in thirty-six patients with intractable lepsy encountered during the period from 2008 to 2014 in the Epilepsy Center of Haidian Hospital were retrospectively iewed. Results There were 18 males and 18 females in thirty-six patients. The mean age of seizure onset and disease ation were (14.05 ± 1.67) years and (10.04 ± 1.19) years respectively. The histological types of brain tumors included glioglioma (12/36, WHO gradeⅠ， 1/36, WHO gradeⅡ), dysembryeplastic neuroepithelial tumor (2/36, WHO grade Ⅰ), omorphic xanthoastrocytoma (1/36, WHO grade Ⅱ), angiocentric glioma (1/36, WHO gradeⅠ), astrocytoma (4/36, WHO de Ⅱ), oligoastrocytoma (1/36, WHO grade Ⅱ, 2/36, WHO grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ), oligodendroglioma (1/36, WHO gradeⅠ-Ⅱ， 1/36, HO grade Ⅱ), cavernous hemangioma (4/36) and Sturge-Weber syndrome (1/36). Most of these tumors were located intemporal lobe (25/36, 69.4%). Patients were followed up for 0.5-7 years after operation. One patient was lost for follow up. Seizure outcome after the epilepsy operation revealed that 28 patients (77.8%) had Engel gradeⅠ, 4 patients (11.1%) had Engel gradeⅡ， 2 patients (5.6%) had Engel grade Ⅲ， 1 patient (2.8%) had Engel grade Ⅳ. Conclusion Brain tumors in patients with medically intractable epilepsy are almost low grade tumors of the nervous system. Focal cortical dysplasia is existed in most brain tissues from the epilepsy operation. Low grade tumors of the nervous system have close relation with focal cortical dysplasia in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. It is possible that the classifications of pathology diagnosis has connection with prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and molecular mechanism study of a case with B(A)02 allele QIU Li1, YAO Nan1, MIAO Wen1, ZOU Wei2, CAI Xiaohong2△ 2016, 44 (5):  625-628.  doi: 10.11958/20150187 Abstract ( 1031 )   PDF (612KB) ( 4003 )   Abstract:Objective To identify and investigate B(A)02 allele in a patient. Methods Serological tests were performed with standard serological methods in a patient with B(A)02 allele. DNA sequences of all seven exons and exon - ntron boundaries of ABO gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct DNA sequencing and sequencing after gene cloning. In order to analyze the allele, PyMOL software was used to establish 3D model of Glycosyltransferases B GTB). Results The serological results showed the characteristics of B(A) phenotype. DNA analysis revealed that ABO gene of the individual was heterozygous of B(A)02/O01 allele. 700C＞G mutation was identified in B101 allele, which resulted in the amino acid substitution P234A in GTB. Through the analysis of the 3D structure of GTB, it was speculated hat the P234A replacement affected the intermolecular forces of the 234 amino acid and Met- 266, thus changed the conformation of the donor-binding pocket of GTB， that made GTB capable of recognizing and tranferring the GalNac to the H antigen, which can lead to the formation of the weak A antigen on membrane of red blood cells. Conclusion The P234A replacement can affect the spatial conformation of the specific recognition region conformed by Met- 266 and Ala- 268 residues, which leads to the antigenicity change of the ABO blood group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on the efficiency of rhEGF gel to skin function of facial hormone-dependent dermatitis ZHANG Xiuli1,2, ZHANG Litao3△ 2016, 44 (5):  629-631.  doi: 10.11958/20150434 Abstract ( 1434 )   PDF (279KB) ( 4075 )   Abstract:Objective To study the clinical effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) gel combined with tacrolimus treatment on facial hormone-dependent dermatitis, and to investigate its influence in skin function and recurrence of dermatitis. Methods Forty-eight outpatients with facial hormone-dependent dermatitis were randomly divided into treatment group (n=24, treatment with tacrolimus combined rhEGF gel) and control group (n=24, treatment with tacrolimus). The moisture of skin, sebum content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were examined before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment in two groups. Eczema area and severity index (EASI) were calculated at 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment. The adverse reactions and recurrence of dermatitis were observed during the treatment as well. Results Compared with pre-treatment, the moisture of skin and sebum content were increased (P＜0.05) and the TEWL was decreased (P＜0.05) after 4-week treatment. The differences were not statistically significant between two groups. The obvious effective rate of the treatment group (45.8%) was not significantly different from that of the control group (20.8%) after 1 week of treatment (P＞0.05), but it is much higher in treatment group after two-week treatment (79.2% vs. 50.0%, P＜ 0.05) and after four- week treatment (91.2% vs. 62.5% , P＜0.05). Furthermore, there was no adverse reaction in the treatment group, and the recurrence rate was much lower in treatment group (12.5%) than that of the control group (37.5%, 2χ =4.03， P＜0.05). Conclusion Recombinant human epidermal growth factor gel has an auxiliary curative effect on facial hormone-dependent dermatitis and can significantly improve skin function, and the recurrence rate of dermatitis is low. Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey of correlated ratio in maxillary anterior teeth smiling SHANG Dan1, ZHANG Xuewei2, ZHANG Weijun1△ 2016, 44 (5):  632-635.  doi: 10.11958/20150184 Abstract ( 1093 )   PDF (416KB) ( 3926 )   Abstract:Objective To survey aesthetics cognition for smiling beauty in young people smile. Methods Smile model was established. The middle incisor width/length ratio, lateral incisor and middle incisor width ratio, difference of lateral incisor and the middle incisor gingival level, gingiva exposure, buccal corridor width and smile line radian were used as variable values to change respectively. A total of 200 young people were selected to evaluate results. The differences in index of ideal value and acceptable range between different dender groups were calculated. Results The ideal value of middle incisor width/length ratio was 0.75, and acceptable range was 0.65-0.85. The ideal value of lateral incisor and middle incisor width ratio was 0.618, and acceptable range was 0.518- 0.718. The ideal value of lateral incisor and the middle incisor gingival level difference was -0.5 mm, and the acceptable range was -1-0 mm. The ideal value of gingiva exposure was 0 mm, and the acceptable range was 0-2 mm. The ideal value of buccal corridor was 0.09, and the acceptable range was 0.05-0.21. Coordinate smile was ideal smile line (value= 1), and the acceptable range was 0.5-1. There were no statistically significant differences in smile esthetics of six ideal value indicators and acceptable ranges between different gender groups. Conclusion The ideal values and acceptable ranges of six indexes of quantitative criteria can be used for clinical treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate in patients on maintenance hemodialysis： a Meta-analysis LU Zhi， WEI Fang△， WANG Lihua， YU Haibo， WANG Zhe， YANG Jie， JIANG Aili 2016, 44 (5):  636-641.  doi: 10.11958/20150211 Abstract ( 992 )   PDF (790KB) ( 3575 )   Abstract:Objective To assess the treatment efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate (LC) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods MEDLINE (1996—2014), Embase (1974—2014.12), Pubmed (1996—2014.12), Cochrane library, Chinese Wanfang database (1996—2014.12) and CNKI (1979—2014.12) were searched. Lanthanum carbonate and hemodialysis were used as Chinese and English search terms respectively, and the articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used as supplements. Quality assessment and data mining were conducted by two independent investigators who performed Meta-analysis using RevMan5.2. Results Nine trials with 2 674 participants were included in this study. The Meta-analysis showed that there were similar blood levels of calcium [WMD= -0.24， 95%CI： (-0.61)-0.14， P=0.21], phosphorus [WMD=0.14， 95%CI： (-0.02)-0.30， P=0.08] and phosphate control rates (RR=0.91， 95%CI： 0.70-1.17， P=0.44) between control group and lanthanum carbonate group. There were lower incidence rates of hypercalcemia (RR= 0.17, 95%CI:0.06-0.47, P=0.000 7) and blood levels of calcium-phosphorus product [WMD=-2.17， 95%CI： (-3.99)-(-0.35)， P=0.02], and higher levels of parathyroid hormone (iPTH, WMD=105.69, 95%CI:70.38-141.00, P＜0.000 01) and bonespecific alkaline phosphatase (BAP, WMD=6.47, 95%CI:0.43-12.50, P=0.04) in these two groups. There were no significant differences in incidence rates of gastrointestinal adverse events between two groups. Conclusion Lanthanum carbonate should be used as preferred choice of phosphate binders to control serum phosphorus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of cinacalcet for end-stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a Meta-analysis WANG Zhe, WEI Fang, CHEN Haiyan, JIANG Aili 2016, 44 (5):  642-647.  doi: 10.11958/20150067 Abstract ( 1073 )   PDF (595KB) ( 3968 )   Abstract:Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet on secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods Patients with ESRD and SHPT for the treatment with calcimimeticagents were included in this study. MEDLINE (1996.1- 2014.9), OVID (1963.1- 2014.9), Chinese Wanfang database (1996.1- 2014.9), CNKI (1996.1- 2014.9) and the clinical control test database of Cochrane Library were searched． Related literature, including published or unpublished papers, and meeting procedding were hand- searched. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two independent investigators. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.2. Results Nineteen randomized controlled trials involving 7 702 patients were included. The meta- analysis showed that compared with conventional therapy，cinacalcet can significantly decrease serum parathyroid hormone in dialysis patients [WMD=-301.54 µg/L, 95%CI:(-344.38)-(-258.7）µg/L, P＜0.05], decrease serum level of calcium [WMD=-8.3 mg/L, 95%CI: (-9.1） -（-7.4）mg/L, P＜0.05], and decrease serum level of phosphorus [WMD=-3.4 mg/L, 95%CI :(-4.6)- (-2.3) mg/L, P＜0.05]. The total incidence of adverse events was similar (RR=1.03, 95%CI:0.98-1.09, P＞0.05） . Cinacalcet increased nausea (RR =2.05, 95%CI :1.53- 2.75, P＜0.05） , vomiting (RR =2.00, 95%CI:1.78- 2.23, P＜0.05） , diarrhea (RR =1.15, 95%CI:1.03-1.30, P＜0.05） , and asymptomatic hypocalcaemia (RR =7.60, 95%CI :5.61-10.30, P＜0.05） , but they were usually transient, and mild to moderate in severity. The mortality was similar (RR =0.97, 95%CI: 0.89-1.05, P＞ 0.05） . Conclusion Results confirm that cinacalcet suppresses parathyroid hormone and decreases calcium and phosphorus in secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving dialysis. Cinacalcet increases risks of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hypocalcaemia,without increasing mortality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in female stress urinary incontinence KE Jian, FANG Kewei△ 2016, 44 (5):  649-652.  doi: 10.11958/20150149 Abstract ( 1031 )   PDF (324KB) ( 4059 )   Abstract:Female stress urinary incontinence (FSUI) is a common disease of women in department of urology, which severely affects elderly physical and mental health of women. The molecular mechanism of FSUI is still unclear. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX) and their respective products nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) are closely related with FSUI. In this paper, the distribution of NOS and COX in female lower urinary tract and the research development of NOS, COX and their products with FSUI are summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in diagnosis and treatment strategy of solitary pulmonary nodule GUO Hongsheng， YANG Dehong， LI Yuanyuan， WU Chenxuan△ 2016, 44 (5):  653-656.  doi: 10.11958/20150157 Abstract ( 1050 )   PDF (297KB) ( 4312 )   Abstract: The detection rate of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is significantly increased with the widespread application of chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Therefore, there is rising demand and expectation for more accurate diagnostic tests to characterize SPN. The different diagnostic methods currently used in clinical practice have their advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews the literature pertaining to SNP diagnosis and treatment strategy and above mentioned concerns according to Fleischner society, American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) screening guideline. Related Articles | Metrics