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15 April 2016, Volume 44 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Drug Clinical Evaluations



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Clinic study of mammotome minimally invasive operation in the treatment of benign breast lumps WANG Jian, ZHANG Lina, GU Lin 2016, 44 (4):  385-388.  doi: 10.11958/20160021 Abstract ( 1045 )   PDF (330KB) ( 3800 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the clinical application of mammotome minimally invasive techniques for benign breast mass, and the risk factors of residual tumor. Methods A total number of 722 patients with benign breast mass re⁃ ceived treatment of mammotome minimally invasive operation. Skin incision length, peeling times, blood loss and operation time were recorded. The complications after surgery, the difference of constitution ratio in different BI-RADS grades, mass number, mass volume and clinic features were analysed. The Logistic repression analysis was used to analyze risk factors of mass residue. Results The average skin incision length was (6.25±1.92) mm in 722 patients, with an average peeling times of (11.62±4.28) and average blood loss of (6.22±2.08) mL. The average diameter of removed tissue was 2.0-3.5 mm with an average length of (13.69±5.06) mm. An average operation time for single mass was (7.85±2.91) min. Complications were mainly pain (n=32) and bruising (n=26) in 33 patients (4.57%). A total of 1 367 breast lumps were found in 722 patients, in which there were 683 fibroadenoma (49.96%). Thirteen patients (1.59%) were found mass residue during follow-up. The pro⁃ portion of mass residue was increased with the increased number of mass, and was higher in mass diameter above 2 cm than in diameter less 2 cm, and also higher in tumor without clear boundary group than that with clear boundary group, and higher in patients with hematoma and bruising than that without hematoma and bruising. Mass diameter > 2 cm, no clear boundary, multiple tumors and hematoma formation were independent risk factors of mass residue. Conclusion The mammotome minimally invasive operation is a safe and potent therapeutic management for benign breast mass. Comprehensive evaluation of the tumor size, tumor boundary, the number of mass before operation can reduce the risk of mass residue. Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation and significance of gene polymorphisms of C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T with molecular subtypes of breast cancer LIU Xinlan, ZHANG Haixia, LIU Yaobang, JIANG Min 2016, 44 (4):  389-393.  doi: 10.11958/20150238 Abstract ( 1096 )   PDF (667KB) ( 4456 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the distribution of the MDR1 exon12 (C1236T), exon21 (G2677T/A) and exon 26 (C3435T) gene polymorphisms in breast cancer patients, and to analyse their relationship with molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods The genotyping of C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- high resolution melting (HRM) method in 400 cases of breast cancer. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used for ge⁃ netic equilibrium distribution of genotype. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer were classified based on St.Gallen Con⁃ sensus 2013. The genotype distributions of C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T in breast cancer were analyzed. Their relation⁃ ship with molecular subtypes in breast cancer was analyzed as well. Results ① In 400 cases of breast cancer, there were 2, 3 and 2 specimens did not get genotyping results in C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotype detection. The CC, CT and TT genotypes of C1236T accounted for 16.08% (64/398), 44.22% (176/398) and 39.70% (176/398). GG, GT, GA, TT and AT genotypes of G2677T/A accounted for 16.62% (66/397), 44.33% (176/397), 7.05% (28/397), 27.46% (109/397) and 4.54% (18/397). CC, CT and TT genotypes of C3435T accounted for 21.11% (84/398), 56.03% (223/398) and 22.86% (91/398) re⁃ spectively. Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium testing showed that polymorphisms of C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T had group representation (P < 0.05). ② Eleven cases of HER-2 (2+) were excluded because they were not verified by FISH de⁃tection when performed molecular subtype of breast cancer. Luminal A subtype accounted for 41.90% (163/389), Luminal B subtype accounted for 32.65% (127/389), HER-2 over-expression subtype accounted for 13.62% (53/389) and triple negative subtype accounted for 11.83% (46/389). ③ CT/TT genotype frequency of C3435T was significantly higher in breast cancer patients with Luminal A subtype than that in breast cancer patients with HER-2 over-expression subtype and triple negative subtype (χ2 =12.011, P=0.001; χ2 =13.976, P < 0.001), while there was no statistical difference in C1236T and G2677T/ A gene polymorphism between different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (P > 0.05). Conclusion C3435T gene polymor⁃ phism can explain more accurately heterogeneity of breast cancer. CT/TT genotype in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer may be more sensitive to drug treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation of miR-100 expression with lymph node metastasis and FZD-8 protein expression in patients with breast cancer YU Zhaojin, JIANG Qian, HAN Li, GUAN Shu, YAN Yuanyuan, WEI Minjie, HE Miao 2016, 44 (4):  394-396.  doi: 10.11958/20150333 Abstract ( 866 )   PDF (453KB) ( 3712 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the expression and relationship of miR-100 and FZD-8, one of the major compo⁃ nents of Wnt signaling pathway, and the correlation of their expressions with lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Methods The expression of miR-100 was determined in 50 samples of human breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues by in situ hybridization. The correlation of miR-100 expression with lymph node metastasis was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. The expression of FZD-8 was measured in 50 samples of human breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of the miR-100 expression with the protein expression of FZD-8 was evaluated by Pearson rank analysis. Results The expression of miR-100 was significantly lower in human breast can⁃ cer tissues than that in adjacent normal breast tissues [2.00 (1.00, 3.00) vs. 6.00 (3.50, 8.00)]. The miR-100 expression was lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than that in patients without lymph node metastasis [1.50 (1.00, 2.75) vs. 3.00 (2.00, 4.00)]. The expression of FZD-8 was significantly higher in human breast cancer tissues than that in adjacent normal breast tissues [8.00 (6.00, 9.00) vs. 6.00 (3.75, 9.00)]. The miR-100 expression was negatively correlated with the FZD-8 pro⁃ tein expression in human breast cancer tissues (rs=-0.592, P < 0.001). Conclusion The miR-100, as an anti-metastasis- miRNA, may involve in the metastasis of breast cancer, which may be related with the regulation of the expression of FZD-8. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of WT1 specific CD8+ T cells in the treatment of breast cancer WANG Xinchao, HAO Suhong, GAO Yingtang, QIU Lijun, ZHAO Shuang, HAN Lu 2016, 44 (4):  397-400.  doi: 10.11958/20150353 Abstract ( 1345 )   PDF (437KB) ( 4361 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the feasibility of Wilms’tumor gene 1 (WT1)- specific CD8+ T cells from periph⁃ eral blood for the treatment of breast cancer by detecting the killing activity of WT1 specific CD8+ T cells on breast cancer cells. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect WT1-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of 20 samples from HLA-A2 seropositive healthy donors, which were isolated by WT1/MHC streptamer magnetic beads and cultured. The func⁃ tion of WT1-specific CD8+ T cells were analysis by cytotoxicity assay. Results Twelve of 20 healthy donors had naive WT1-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies of ＞0.5%, and 4 of 20 even ＞1.0% of all CD8+ T cells. After positive selection by magnetic cell separation, a purity of up to 80% can be achieved. WT1 specific CD8+ T cells can specifically kill breast can⁃ cer cell line with WT1 polypeptide. Conclusion WT1 specific CD8+ T cells can be detected in peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. WT1 specific CD8+ T cells have killing effect on breast cancer cells, suggesting the feasibility of adoptive immu⁃ notherapy for breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects and related mechanisms of aerobic exercise on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy CAO Yuyao, SONG Yi,CHEN Fengmin, XU Jinjiang 2016, 44 (4):  401-404.  doi: 10.11958/20150195 Abstract ( 1490 )   PDF (312KB) ( 4306 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise during chemotherapy on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients, and related mechanism thereof. Methods Sixty breast cancer patients who underwent radical surgery were randomly assigned to exercise group and control group, 30 patients for each group. Patients in exercise group received regular nursing care plus aerobic exercise during chemotherapy, while patients in control group only received regular nursing care. The revised Piper fatigue scale (RPFS) was used to assess the fatigue degree. Values of hemoglobin concentration(Hb), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and RPFS scores were detected before chemotherapy, at the end of chemotherapy and 4 weeks after chemotherapy, respectively. Results There was no significant difference in Hb concentration before chemotherapy, at the end of chemotherapy and 4 weeks after chemotherapy between two groups (P＞0.05). The level of Hb was significantly lower at the end of chemotherapy and 4 weeks after chemotherapy than that before chemotherapy in two groups (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in VO2max and RPFS score before chemotherapy between two groups (P＞0.05). At the end of chemotherapy and 4 weeks after chemotherapy, there were no significant differences in VO2max and RPFS scores than those before chemotherapy in exercise group (P＞0.05). In control group, value of VO2max was significantly lower at the end of chemotherapy and 4 weeks after chemotherapy than that before chemotherapy (P＜0.05), RPFS score was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy (P＜0.05). Conclusion Aerobic exercise during chemotherapy can be effectively against cancer-related fatigue, which may be related to the inhibitory effect of aerobic exercise on debasement of VO2max. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in biomarkers of the prognosis of breast cancer HAN Lu, SONG Fengju, CHEN Kexin 2016, 44 (4):  404-407.  doi: 10.11958/20150383 Abstract ( 840 )   PDF (311KB) ( 3989 )   Abstract： Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor and the major cause of cancer-related death for women around the world. The number of patients shows an increasing trend recently. Breast cancer is a big threaten to wom⁃ en’ s health and quality of life. With the development of molecular biology, molecular biomarkers have been found assiciated with prognosis in patients with breast cancer, which makes it possible to predict cancer patient survival precisely and practi⁃ cally. This review summarized those new developments of biomarkers on the prognosis of breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on diagnosis and treatment of early young female breast cancer ZHANG Ying, LIU Guangyu 2016, 44 (4):  408-412.  doi: 10.11958/20160219 Abstract ( 1179 )   PDF (338KB) ( 4331 )   Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Compared with older patients, young breast cancer has unique clinicopathological characteristics, with lower detective rate and worse prognosis. Multidisciplinary individual-based therapy is of great significance in maximizing therapeutic benefits, as well as minimizing their side effects. Today more and more young patients are eager to reserve reproductive functions at the same time. This article reviews the progress on screen⁃ ing and diagnostic measures, comprehensive treatments, and reproductive endocrine problems brought by therapies in early young breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of tumor microenvironment on the development and progression of breast cancer WANG Ling, ZHAO Pengfei, LYU Yipin, GUO Jingyi, SUN Ming, WU Huizhe, WEI Minjie 2016, 44 (4):  413-417.  doi: 10.11958/20150371 Abstract ( 970 )   PDF (370KB) ( 5566 )   Abstract: Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in the development and progression of tumors, such as pro⁃ moting local drug resistance, immune escape, and distal metastasis. According to the TME of different individuals, accurate evaluation and selection of clinical medication can effectively control the malignant transformation of carcinoma in situ and metastatic cancer. At present, the main method to treat cancer is chemotherapy, TME can regulate the reaction of the tumor cells to the standard chemotherapy and target drug therapy, so the combination of the targeted TME therapy and chemothera⁃ py will achieve better clinical efficacy. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of TME in breast cancer, including ex⁃ tracellular matrix, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, carcinoma-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which providing a theoretical basis for the development of TME targeted therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of RIPK3 overexpression on the transcription of ZFP36 gene in SH-SY5Y cells ZHANG Guolu, CHENG Shixiang, XU Zhongwei, YI Tailong, LIAO Jilian, TU Yue, ZHANG Sai 2016, 44 (4):  418-422.  doi: 10.11958/20150166 Abstract ( 937 )   PDF (677KB) ( 4373 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the signaling pathway and the key signal molecules of protein kinase (RIPK)3 in SH- SY5Y cells. Methods SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with RIPK3 expression plasmid vector to upregulate intracellular RIPK3, while the SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with empty vector plasmid, which was considered as control group. Western blot assay was used to check the expression of exogenous RIPK3 in cells. The proliferation rate of SH-SY5Y cells was determined by MTT assay at designated time to detect exogenous RIPK3 activity. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) was used to detect the transcription of genes. Whole-transcriptomic gene transcription was measured by following Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to obtain downstream signaling pathways and the key molecule, which were partly confirmed by following droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results Exogenous RIPK3 showed biological activity in SH-SY5Y, which inhibited the proliferation of cells. IPA showed that znic finger protein 36 (ZFP36) was significantly up-regulated as compared with that of the control group. The tran⁃ scription levels of ZFP36 downstream genes such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mRNA-decapping enzyme 2 (DCP2) were affected at the same time. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it seems that RIPK3 is notable for the development, inflammation and tumorigenesis of the nervous system as an independent regulator of ZFP36 gene and downstream effectors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of dihydromyricetin on the cholesterol efflux in macrophage derived foam cells CHEN Lu, ZHOU Jie, LIAO Hongqing, LI Guoshu, ZHONG Huijuan, ZHANG Tao 2016, 44 (4):  422-425.  doi: 10.11958/59120 Abstract ( 863 )   PDF (390KB) ( 4912 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) on the cholesterol efflux in macrophage derived foam cells and analyze the possible mechanisms. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL, 50 mg/L) for 48 h to induce foam cells. Subsequently, the foam cells were subdivided into control group (RPMI1640 media) and DMY 1-4 groups (10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L) and cultured for 24 h. Cholesterol efflux from foam cells was examined by [ 3 H] labed cholesterol. The high performance liquid chromatography assay was used to test the cellular contents of free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE) and total cholesterol (TC). The expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was measured by Western blot assay. Results Compared with control group, cholesterol efflux was significantly increased, the content of FC, TC CE and CE/TC ratio were significantly decreased and expression of ABCA1 was significantly up-regulated in dose dependent manner in DMY (20, 40 and 80 μmol/L) groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cholesterol efflux, the content of FC, TC and CE, and expression of ABCA1 between control group and DMY (10 μmol/L) group of foam cells (P > 0.05). Conclusion DMY promotes the cholesterol efflux in the macro⁃ phage derived foam cells, which may be related with the increase of ABCA1 induced by DMY. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of P38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on TEMT of HK-2 cells JIA Lin, LIN Zhifeng, MA Li, TANG Yuling,YANG Rui, YANG Xiaoping 2016, 44 (4):  426-429.  doi: 10.11958/20150004 Abstract ( 960 )   PDF (569KB) ( 4008 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of different concentrations of SB203580, the inhibitor of P38MAPK, in process of high glucose (GS)-induced renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT). Methods The cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L GS), GS (30 mmol/L GS) group and different concentrations of SB203580 (30 mmol/L GS +5, 10, 20 and 30 μmol/L SB203580) groups. The treat⁃ ments were for 48 hours. MTT assay was used to observe cell proliferation. The median inhibiting concentration (IC50) was cal⁃ culated. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of P38MAPK, P-P38MAPK and α-smooth muscle actin (α- SMA) in control group, high-glucose group and S30 group. The expression of α-SMA was also detected by the method of im⁃ munofluorescence. Results 1.Compared with control group, there was no significant inhitory effect on proliferation rate in DMSO group (P > 0.05). There were increased HK-2 cells in high glucose group and S5group (P < 0.05). Proliferation rates were significantly decreased in S20 and S30 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the proliferation rates of HK-2 cells were inhibited in S5, S10, S20 and S30 groups (P < 0.05). 2. The expression of P-P38MAPK was significantly higher in high glucose group and S30 group than that of control group (P < 0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the ex⁃ pression of P-P38MAPK was significantly decreased in S30 group (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference in the expres⁃ sion of P38MAPK between the two groups (P > 0.05). 3. Compared with control group, the expression of α-SMA was signifi⁃ cantly increased in high glucose group and S30 group (P < 0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the expression of α- SMA was significantly decreased in S30 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The 30 mmol/L GS can lead to TEMT in HK-2 cells. The more suitable inhibitory concentration of SB203580 in the process of TEMT is 30μmol/L. SB203580 can slow down the process of TEMT by inhibiting P38MAPK activation and inhibiting proliferation and the expression of α-SAM s of HK-2 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effects of dexmedetomidine on bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity CHEN Genyin, WANG Xuguang 2016, 44 (4):  430-433.  doi: 10.11958/58574 Abstract ( 773 )   PDF (617KB) ( 4011 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine on bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Methods Mouse neuroblastoma cell line N2a cells were divided into four groups. The cells in the control group were incu⁃ bated with no drug adding while the cells in bupivacaine group were treated with 1 000 µmol/L bupivacaine for 24 h. The cells in the group Dex1 and Dex2 were incubated with 1 000 µmol/L bupivacaine and 50 µmol/L, 200 µmol/L dexmedetomi⁃ dine for 24 h respectively. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, mito⁃ chondrial membrane potential (MMP), the expression of Caspase-3 and apoptotic rate of N2a cells were detected by flow cy⁃ tometry. Results The cell viabilities were significantly decreased after being treated with 1 000 µmol/L bupivacaine, MMP was also significantly decreased, and apoptotic rates, levels of ROS and Caspase-3 were significantly increased. The bupiva⁃ caine-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by dexmedetomidine (50 and 200 µmol/L), which resulted in the increase in the cell viability and MMP, but decrease in apoptotic rate and levels of ROS and Caspase-3. These effects were more significant in 200 µmol/L dexmedetomidine group than those of 50 µmol/L dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine at⁃ tenuates bupivacaine-induced cytotoxicity of N2a cells, which may be related with the inhibition of ROS, the decrease in MMP and Caspase-3, and inhibiting appotosis in N2a cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression pattern of miR-142-3p and miR-145-3p in rat tissues WU Hui,ZHAO Yulong,WANG Yanhong, FANG Xingtang, CHEN Hong, ZHANG Chunlei 2016, 44 (4):  434-437.  doi: 10.11958/20150116 Abstract ( 830 )   PDF (492KB) ( 4255 )   Abstract： Objective To screen and identify the key miRNAs during mammary gland development and milk secretion of rats. Methods Gene U6 was taken as interior label gene by real time-PCR to compare the differences of expression levels of miR-142-3p and miR-145-3p in the mammary gland, liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, ovary and uterus after 21 postpartum. Moreover, the expressions of miR-142-3p and miR-145-3p in different stages (1, 7 and 21 d) of lactation were summarized. Results There was significant difference in miR-142-3p in lactation 21 d between different tissues. The expression of miR- 142-3p was significantly higher in mammary gland than that in heart, spleen, lung, kidney, ovary and uterus tissues, which was second only to the expression in liver (P < 0.05). The expression of miR-145-3p was significantly higher in mammary gland than that in liver, spleen and kidney. There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-145-3p between heart, lung, ovary and uterus (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expression level of miR-142-3p was continuing downward continued to decline in breast at different stages of lactation, while the relative expression level of miR-145-3p was up-regulated after down- regulating. Conclusion miR-142-3p and miR-145-3p are differentially expressed in different tissues and physiological periods in rats. In addition, miR-142-3p can regulate the growth of mammary gland and the formation of lactation by targeting prolactin receptor (Prlr), miR-145-3p may have the same function with miR-145 and miR-145-5p. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of atorvastatin on the microglia activation after traumatic brain injury YU Gongjie, SUN Dongdong, ZENG Yong, GAO Weiwei,CHEN Siqin, ZHANG Jianning 2016, 44 (4):  438-440.  doi: 10.11958/20150279 Abstract ( 1055 )   PDF (925KB) ( 4189 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of atorvastatin on the microglia activation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Sixty adult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into sham group, atorvastatin group and saline group, 20 mice for each group. The atorvastatin group and saline group were given hydraulic combat to establish TBI mouse model. The shame group underwent the same surgical procedure without being exposed to percussion injury. The atorvastatin group was treated with atorvastatin (orally, 1 mg/kg)1 h after TBI and for 7 consecutive days. The saline group was given sa⁃ line orally. The expression of microglia (Iba-1+ ) at the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day after TBI and matrix metalloproteinase -9 (MMP- 9) around the lesion at the 3rd day after TBI were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was detected by Western blot assay at the 3rd day after TBI. Results The positive expression of Iba-1+ microglia was signifi⁃ cantly decreased in atorvastatin group than that of saline group at the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day after TBI (80.00±7.44 vs. 118.40± 6.65， 85.60±10.87 vs. 189.00±7.51， 69.40±5.54 vs. 102.40±10.89, P＜0.05). The positive expression of MMP-9 was signifi⁃ cantly decreased in atorvastatin group compared with that of saline group at the 3rd day after TBI (86.80±8.40 vs. 133.80± 8.46, P＜0.05). Results of Western blot assay showed that the positive expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased in astorvastatin group than that of saline group at the 3rd day after TBI (0.64±0.01 vs. 0.97±0.02， P＜0.05). Conclusion Ator⁃ vastatin can reduce inflammation factor by influencing the microglia activation after TBI in mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of vinpocetine on the restenosis of venous bypass grafts in diabetic rats ZHANG Jueyu, LAN Zhichun, HUO Tianming, LI Shikang 2016, 44 (4):  441-443.  doi: 10.11958/20150121 Abstract ( 820 )   PDF (1086KB) ( 3796 )   Abstract: Objective To expose the effect and its potential mechanism of vinpocetine (Vinp) on the restenosis of dia⁃ betic grafted veins. Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into saline control group and Vinp treat⁃ ment group. The autologous jugular vein to carotid artery transplantation was performed in diabetic model rats. Normal sa⁃ line or Vinp were intraperitoneally injected. The rats were sacrificed at 0, 2 or 4 weeks after surgery, then the grafted veins were harvested. The pathological sections were used to detect the effect of Vinp on intimal hyperplasia. The protein expres⁃ sion of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemical method, and which was described by cell proliferation index. The phosphorylation of NF-κB was detected by Western blot assay. Results The treatment of Vinp on intimal hyperplasia in vivo was significant at two weeks after surgery (17.06±5.10) μm versus control group (39.79±7.84 μm, P < 0.01), (30.94±5.18) μm versus (63.67±18.09) μm at four weeks after surgery (P < 0.01). Vinp treatment effectively reduced the protein expression of PCNA [2 weeks： (21.07±1.38)% vs. (28.13±1.35)%， P < 0.01； 4 weeks： (31.73±1.38)% vs. (63.67±18.09)%, P < 0.01]. The treatment of Vinp inhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB at two weeks (1.08±0.42 vs. 0.84± 0.12, P < 0.01). Conclusion Vinpocetine can effectively attenuate intimal hyperplasia in diabetic grafted veins, which might be related to its effect on inhibiting phosphorylation of NF-κB as well as inflammation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of A20 expression in mesangial cells of LPS-induced diabetic nephropathy rat model LIANG Yaling, CHEN Jiao, LONG Yang, LI Yanhui, LI Qiuhan, FAN Fang, XU Yong 2016, 44 (4):  444-448.  doi: 10.11958/20150120 Abstract ( 835 )   PDF (2339KB) ( 3907 )   Abstract：Objective To observe the changes of A20 in mesangial cells of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model in⁃ duced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- rat, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods (1)Thirty health male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two group. Model rats were given streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg by intraperitoneal in⁃ jection. Rats in the control group received the same volume of citrate buffer in the same way. Levels of blood glucose and uri⁃ nary microalbumin were detected in two groups at the 6th and the 8th week. Changes of renal pathology were observed by HE staining. Changes of protein A20 were observed by immunohistochemistry. (2) Expression changes of gene and proteins A20, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, IκB, IKKγ and MCP-1 in renal cells treated with LPS were determined after treatment with different time points (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) and different concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L). Results (1) Levels of blood glucose and urinary microalbumin were significantly increased in model group compared with those of control group (P < 0.01). HE stainig showed that hyaline degeneration in tubular epithelial cells was found in model group, especially at the 8th week. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that expression of protein A20 significantly decreased in kidney tubules and nearly disappeared in glomerulus in model group compared with that of control group, which expressed less at the 8th week. (2) There was no significant difference in the expression of IKKγ between different concentrations and different times. Com⁃ pared with 0 h, the expression of A20 protein was increased at 2 h and 4 h, except that the expression of A20 protein in⁃ creased after 6 h (P < 0.05). Meanwhile NF-κB expression increased and IκB expression decreased in different time points (P < 0.05). In addition, the expressions of A20 and IκB were decreased concentration-dependently (P < 0.05). The expres⁃ sion levels of NF-κB and MCP-1 were increased concentration-dependently (P < 0.05). Conclusion A20 may involve in the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating the NF-κB pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of combination of paeonol and PNS on TGF-β/Smad pathway in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats NIE Dan, SUN Hongdan, SHI Zhaoping, ZHOU Xiaohui 2016, 44 (4):  449-452.  doi: 10.11958/20150146 Abstract ( 812 )   PDF (1529KB) ( 4069 )   Abstract:Objective To study the effect of paeonol (PAE) and PNS on the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)- beta 1/ Smad2/3 pathway in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the possible molecular mechanism thereof. Methods Model of AMI was made using left anterior descending coronary branch ligation. According to the inter⁃ vention methods rats were divided into model group, PAE group (8 mg·kg- 1 ), PNS group (40 mg·kg- 1 ), PAE (4 mg·kg- 1 ) + PNS (20 mg·kg-1 ) low dose group, PAE (8 mg·kg-1 ) + PNS (40 mg·kg-1 ) high dose group and captopril positive control group (10 mg·kg-1 ). Rats without ligation were used as Sham operation group. Left ventricular systolic blood pressure (LVSP), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the maximum rise and fall rate (/dtmax DP) were detected after 28-day treat⁃ ment. HE staining was used to observe changes of myocardial tissue. The protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were detected by Western blot assay. Results There were significant differences in parameters used for detecting treatment group and model group, formula group and single drug group, formula high dose group and formula low dose group (P < 0.01). The model group showed pathological changes. All treatment groups showed different degrees of pathological improve⁃ ment. There was the most significant improvement in formulae group and captopril group. Compared with the model group, TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 protein expressions were decreased in treatment group. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were significantly decreased in formula group than those of PAE group and PNS group, and lower levels in formula high dose group than those of formula low dose group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Paeonol and PNS can inhibit the expressions of TGF-β/ Smad 2/3 protein in rats with AMI, by blocking TGF-β / Smad pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental studies of ischemia postconditioning alleviated lung injury after limb ischemia reperfusion in rats LI Kaiji, HE Baoling, LU Qiuling, MEN Xiuli, ZHAO Lijun 2016, 44 (4):  453-456.  doi: 10.11958/20150003 Abstract ( 736 )   PDF (547KB) ( 3824 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of ischemic postconditioning (I-postC) on lung injury after limb ischemia reperfusion (LIR) in rats, and to investigate the protective effect and the mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (group Control), ischemia-reperfusion group (group IR) and ischemic postcondi⁃ tioning group (group I-postC). Referring to routine method in our department, the model rats underwent 4- hour ischemia and 4-hour reperfusion of hind limbs were made. In group Control, the rubber band around the limb was loose,which did not block the blood flow. Rats in group I-postC were given repeated 3 times of 5 min ischemia-5 min reperfusion, and then did perfusion 4 h before reperfusion. The blood and lung samples were collected for detecting arterial gas of partial pressure of oxygen [p(O2)] and partial pressure of carbon dioxide [p(CO2)]. The plasma and lung tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were detected. The morphological changes of lung tissue were ob⁃ served under light microscope and electron microscope. Results It was found that after suffering from ischemia-reperfu⁃ sion, levels of p(O2) and p(CO2) decreased significantly. The activity of SOD in plasma and lung tissues decreased, but XOD and MDA increased significantly (P < 0.05). With microscope, lung interstitial vascular dilation, infiltration of neutrophils, the width of the alveolar space, alveolar septal thickening and alveolar exudate were found. Compared with IR group, it was found that p(O2) and p(CO2) increased significantly in group I-postC. The activity of SOD in plasma and lung tissues in⁃ creased, but XOD and MDA decreased significantly(P < 0.05). The mild damage of pathological changes were found. Conclu⁃ sion Ischemic postconditioning can reduce the lung injury after limb ischemia reperfusion in rats, which may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features of late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders YANG Lina, ZHANG Linjie, LI Limin, ZHAO Ning, QI Yuan, ZHANG Daqi, YANG Li 2016, 44 (4):  457-460.  doi: 10.11958/20150258 Abstract ( 1024 )   PDF (333KB) ( 4040 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical features of late- onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (LON⁃ MOSD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate 61 patients with LONMOSD admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to May 2015. Results (1) The median age at onset was 57 (53, 63) years, male/female was 1∶3.7. Thirty- two patients (52.5%) had transverse myelitis (TM) and 16 patients (26.2%) had optic neuritis (ON) at the disease onset. Fifty- one patients (83.6%) experienced recurrent attacks. Forty patients (65.6%) showed abnormal brain magnetic resonance imag⁃ ing (MRI). Spinal cord MRI showed more frequently present in thoracic regions (39.3%). (2) There were no significant differ⁃ ences in clinical features between AQP- 4 seropositive and seronegative groups. (3) By Spearman analysis, it was obvious that EDSS scores at acute phase and remission were positively correlated to AQP-4 antibody levels (rs=0.389, P < 0.01; rs= 0.380, P < 0.01). But there was no correlation between the mean segments of spinal cord and relapse rates with AQP-4 anti⁃ body levels (rs=0.146, P > 0.05; rs=0.096, P > 0.05). Conclusion LONMOSD patients are more prone to present with TM at onset and have more lesions in thoracic spinal cord and brain. The AQP-4 antibody titres can indicate the severity of disease in acute phase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of clinical stage and surgical method of lung adenocarcinoma of trans-lobe type WU Rui,ZHAO Qingchun, WEI Sen, LIU Yi,LI Xin, CHEN Gang, ZHANG Qing, CHEN Jun 2016, 44 (4):  461-465.  doi: 10.11958/20150370 Abstract ( 1285 )   PDF (1342KB) ( 4227 )   Abstract： Objective To explore the most accurate T staging and optimal surgical method of lung adenocarcinoma of trans-lobe type, and to provide supportive diagnosis as well as therapeutic evidences for this disease. Methods A total of 192 postoperative patients, hospitalized in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2008 to June 2013, who were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma were recruited. Patients were divided into three groups according to the 7th edition of TNM staging criteria issued by the IASLC in 2009. A total of 163 patients with T2 stage were selected as Group T2, and 12 patients with T3 stage were selected as Group T3, both of which were considered as control groups. Other 17 pa⁃ tients who were diagnosed as trans-lobe type of lung adenocarcinoma, were Group trans-lobe. The clinical data and progno⁃ sis were compared between three groups. The trans-lobe type of lung adenocarcinoma was diagnosed based on imaging and pathological examination. Subtypes of trans-lobe lung adenocarcinoma were identified by referring to 2011 international mul⁃ tidisciplinary classification standard of lung adenocarcinoma. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognosis of dif⁃ ferent subtypes and surgical modus in patients with lung adenocarcinoma of trans-lobe type. Results By comparison, the postoperative survival rate was significantly lower in patients diagnosed with trans-lobe type of lung adenocarcinoma than that of Group T2 (P＜0.05), and no significant difference in survival rate compared with Group T3 (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in survival rates between different surgical modus (P＜0.05). Seventeen patients with trans-lobe type of lung adenocarcinoma consisted of four subtypes, including 8 solid predominant, 5 acinar predominant, 3 papillary predomi⁃ nant and 1 invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. There were no statistical significances in postoperative survival time and sur⁃ vival rates between four subtypes. Conclusion The clinical stage of trans-lobe type of lung adenocarcinoma should be clas⁃ sified as stage T3. Both pulmonary bilobectomy and lobectomy combined with resection of proximal invaded lobe can be used as effective surgical therapies for trans-lobe type of lung adenocarcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Clinical Value Of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA In Early Screening Of Cervical Cancer LI Jian, QU Pengpeng 2016, 44 (4):  466-469.  doi: 10.11985/20150342 Abstract ( 2063 )   PDF (346KB) ( 5301 )   Abstract： Objective To analyze the differences of positive detection rate and copy number of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and E6/E7 mRNA between different grades of cervical lesions, and evaluate their clinical values in early screen⁃ ing of cervical cancer. Methods The cervical exfoliated cell samples from 154 women undergoing biopsy examination and 32 objects undergoing hysterectomy (control group) were collected in Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics in 2014. According to the pathological results of cervical biopsy, 154 samples were divided into low-grade squamous intraepi⁃ thelial lesion group (LSIL, n=51), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group (HSIL, n=71), and squamous cell carci⁃ noma group (SCC, n=32). HPV DNA was tested with hybrid capture technology, and E6/E7 mRNA was detected with fluores⁃ cence quantitative hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was performed by detecting E6/E7 protein in all patients after sur⁃ gery or cervical biopsy. Results Combined results of HPV DNA and E6/E7 mRNA demonstrated that the positive detection rate was significantly lower in control group than that of all levels of lesion groups (P < 0.05). The copy number of high risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA was significantly increased with the aggravation of lesions (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was found in that of HPV DNA. Compared with the normal control and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group, cervical cancer patients with mRNA copies > 10 000 E6/E7 were significantly increased in high- grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group. Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive detection rate of E6/E7 was significantly lower in control group than that of all levels of lesion groups (P < 0.05). The positive rate of E6/E7 was significantly higher in the high-grade squa⁃ mous intraepithelial lesion group than that of low-grade group (P < 0.05). Conclusion HPV infection is closely related to cervical abnormalities, which is one of effective measures for early screening of cervical cancer. The negative result of HPV DNA is very helpful to exclude the cervical abnormality, whereas the positive detection of mRNA has great value in predict⁃ ing the disease. Combined results of positive detection and copy number make a comprehensive evaluation for the risk of cer vical lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the clinical value of bedside ultrasound in evaluating the fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock LI Ting, KAN Yanmin, MA Lin, BAI Jing, ZHANG Junwei 2016, 44 (4):  470-473.  doi: 10.11958/20150040 Abstract ( 928 )   PDF (422KB) ( 3853 )   Abstract： Objective To study the clinical value of bedside ultrasound in predicting the fluid responsiveness in pa⁃ tients with septic shock in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Forty- two mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock who admitted to ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from January 2015 to April 2015 were included in this study. All patients were treated with volume expansion (VE) text. Hemodynamics in⁃ dexes were obtained by ultrasound before and after each test, including stroke volume (SV), aortic peak blood flow velocity variation rate of breathing (△VpeakAO), inferior vena cava expansion index (△IVC) and brachial artery maximum speed vari⁃ ation rate (△VpeakBA). Clinical data and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded. Based on the responsiveness of SV, patients were divided into responsive group (R) and non-responsive group (NR), respectively. The differences of the above in⁃ dexes were compared between two groups. The correlation of △IVC, △VpeakAO, △VpeakBA and △SV was determined. The role of the hemodynamic index for predicting volume responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic ROC curves. Results A total of 47 VE tests were performed in 42 patients, 25 in R group and 22 in NR group. Before VE test, the hemodynamics indicators of △IVC, △VpeakAO and △VpeakBA were significantly higher in R group compared with those of NR group (P < 0.05). The values of △IVC, △VpeakAO and △VpeakBA were positively correlated with △SV in two groups. The areas under the ROC curve of the hemodynamics indicators were 0.825, 0.853 and 0.866 for △IVC, △VpeakAO and △VpeakBA, and they all showed high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion The hemodynamic index measured by bedside ultrasound can predict the volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock fluid therapy, and which can be used to fluid therapy with a high degree of specific and sensitivity in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical characteristic analysis of ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation XIAO Rui,QI Xin, ZHOU Jun,JIA Wenjun,PANG Hongbo,LIU Keqiang 2016, 44 (4):  474-477.  doi: 10.11958/20150102 Abstract ( 804 )   PDF (394KB) ( 4167 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and to provide evidence for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 198 patients with ischemic stroke were chosen and divided into two groups: with AF (71 patients)/ and without AF (127 patients) groups. Clinical data and biochemical markers were collected and compared in two groups. CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score systems were used to determine the risk levels in patients with AF. Finally, related risk factors of ischemic stroke with AF were determined and analyzed. Results The values of age, length of hospital stay, the hypertention history, heart rate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) were significantly higher in the with-AF group than those in the without-AF group (P < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were sig⁃ nificantly lower in the with-AF group than those of the without-AF group (P < 0.05). CHA2DS2-VASc scores reached to the moderate-to-high risk level in the with-AF group. Multiple-factor logistic regression analysis showed that age and heart rate were the independent risk factors of the ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular AF. ROC analysis indicated that age (AUC=0.761, cut-off point=72.50 years old) and heart rate (AUC=0.612, cut-off point =76.50 bit/min) had predictive and di⁃ agnostic value for the ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular AF. The age of these patients had the best sensitivity (70.4%) and specifity (71.1%), and the cut-off point of which was 72.50 years old. Conclusion The characteristics of isch⁃ emic stroke in patients with non-valvular AF includes older age, faster heart rate, higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores and higher Hcy level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of CMS50F as a screening test for patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome LIU Huiping,WANG Wei,LU Honghua,ZHANG Ziyue,LI Qianwei,CHEN Taisheng, WANG Xiaoyu,HAN Xi,LIN Peng 2016, 44 (4):  478-481.  doi: 10.11958/20150192 Abstract ( 1128 )   PDF (329KB) ( 4339 )   Abstract： Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CMS50F for screening in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Sixty-four volunteers with suspected OSAHS underwent simultaneous noc⁃ turnal polysomnography (PSG), micromovement sensitive mattress sleep monitoring system（MSMSMS） and CMS50F. The ap⁃ nea-hypopnea index (AHI) detected by PSG and MSMSMS was used as the diagnostic standard for OSAHS. The reliability of CMS50F for monitoring sleep was assessed. Results There was no statistic difference in CMS50F-ODI3 and PSG-AHI be⁃ tween normal, mild and moderate OSAHS groups（P > 0.05). The CMS50F-ODI3 was smaller than the PSG-AHI in severe OSAHS patients（P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between CMS50F-ODI3 and PSG-AHI（r=0.855, P < 0.05). PSG-AHI≥5 events per hour was used as the threshold value to diagnose OSAHS, the sensitivity and specificity of CMS50F were 94.5% and 88.9%. There were no significant differences in CMS50F- ODI3 and MSMSMS -AHI between normal, mild and moderate OSAHS patients（P > 0.05). The value of CMS50F-ODI3 was smaller than MSMSMS-AHI in severe OSAHS patients (P < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between CMS50F- ODI3 and MSMSMS -AHI (r=0.867， P < 0.05). MSMSMS -AHI≥5 events per hour was used as the threshold value to diagnose OSAHS, the sensitivity and specificity of CMS50F were 94.5% and 88.9%. Conclusion CMS50F can be used as a portable and reliable device for screening of pa⁃ tients suspected OSAHS. Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation study of short-term systolic blood pressure variability with estimated glomeruar filtration rate in the elderly XU Jibo, SONG Lu, LI Chunhui , ZHAO Hualing, WANG Yiming, CHEN Shuohua, WU Yuntao, XING Aijun 2016, 44 (4):  482-486.  doi: 10.11958/20150178 Abstract ( 1478 )   PDF (480KB) ( 3999 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the correlation of short-term systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) with esti⁃ mated glomeruar filtration rate (eGFR) in the elderly. Methods In physical examination for the third time of kailuan group, the method of cluster sampling was used to collect randomly retired employees, age ≥60 in kailuan group. The 24-hour am⁃ bulatory blood pressure monitoring was given to these objects. Finally, 1 405 participants with integral data were recruited in⁃ to the survey. SBPV indices were standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SD), variability independent of the mean (VIM), maximum-minimum difference (MMD), and average real variability (ARV). Multivariate stepwise linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of short-term SBPV on eGFR. Results (1) Among 1 405 participants (67.16± 5.82) years, 933 individuals (66.4%) were male and 472 (33.6%) were female. (2) Study population were divided into four groups based on the 24-hour mean SBP, daytime mean SBP, night time mean SBP (group 1: mean SBP<120 mmHg, group 2: 120≤mean SBP＜140 mmHg, group 3: 140≤mean SBP＜160 mmHg, group 4: mean SBP≥160 mmHg), respectively. Values of SD, MMD and ARV, but not VIM were increased with increased mean SBP. (3) The participants were grouped according to the median SBPV with between-group comparison of the eGFR. The average eGFR levels were lower in the high 24-hour SB⁃ PV group (SD, VIM, MMD and ARV), day-time SBPV group (SD, VIM, MMD and ARV) and night-time SBPV group (SD, MMD and ARV) than those in the low SBPV groups (P < 0.05). (4) Multivariate stepwise linear regression showed that eGFR increased with 3 indices of 24-hour SBPV (SD, MMD and ARV) and 2 indices of day-time SBPV (MMD and ARV) but not for night-time SBPV (β=-0.07, -0.11, -0.07, -0.12 and -0.07, respectively). Conclusion There is a certain degree of asso⁃ ciation between short -term SBPV indices and eGFR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of continuous airway positive pressure ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and cough syncope HAN Meixiang, CAO Jie, WANG Yan, ZHOU Ning, CHEN Baoyuan 2016, 44 (4):  487-490.  doi: 10.11958/20150350 Abstract ( 1110 )   PDF (361KB) ( 3661 )   Abstract：Objective To observe the curative effect of continuous airway positive pressure ventilation (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and cough syncope. Methods Forty-three hospitalized patients with OSAHS and cough syncope were collected in the Department of Respiration of Tianjin General Hospital, and analyzed the related information. They were given CPAP treatment, and were divided into good compliance group (n=26) and poor compliance group (n=17) according to CPAP compliance after a half-year treatment. The apnea hypoventilation index (AHI) and c-reactive protein (CRP) were compared before and after treatment between two groups. Results The positive correlation was found between the frequency of the cough syncope and indicators of OSAHS, such as AHI, body mass index (BMI), CRP, sleepiness score (ESS) and circumference of abdomen and neck (r= 0.612, 0.431, 0.224, 0.654, 0.435 and 0.344，P < 0.05). All these patients were cured after the treatment of both CPAP and medication for 1 or 2 weeks. During a half-year follow-up, the cough syncope didn’ t occur in those patients of good compliance group, otherwise cough syncope still happened but with less frequency in patitents of poor compliance group. Before the treatment , there was no significant difference in AHI (45.00±15.69 vs. 48.70±16.47) and CRP (3.46± 1.15 vs. 3.38±0.72) between the two groups. After treatment, AHI (26.97±14.06 vs. 48.18±15.96) and CRP (1.56±0.76 vs. 3.18± 0.78) were significantly lower in the good compliance group than those of the poor compliance group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Timely and sustained treatment of OSAHS may help reduce the incidence of cough syncope and significantly improve AHI, CRP and cough symptoms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of cone beam CT for the skeletal structure of temporomandibular joint in patients with sleep bruxism LI Jia, ZHANG Juan, LI Zekui, GAO Ping 2016, 44 (4):  490-493.  doi: 10.11958/20150167 Abstract ( 811 )   PDF (542KB) ( 3993 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the skeletal structure features of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with sleep bruxism. Methods CBCT scanning was performed in the intercuspal position in 30 patients with sleep bruxism (sleep bruxism group) and 30 health adults (normal group). The reconstruction of TMJ images were analysed by Invivo5 software. Measurements of horizontal section include antero-posterior diameter, medial- lateral diameter and axial angel. Measurements of sagittal section include acetabulum depth, aricular eminence inclination, anterior space, superior space and posterior space. Measurements of coronal section include force angle. Results There were no significant differences in both sides of TMJ between sleep bruxism group and normal group（P > 0.05). Compared with control group, there were significant differences in antero- posterior diameter, medial- lateral diameter, acetabulum depth, anterior space and force angle in sleep bruxism group (P < 0.05). There were decreased antero posterior diameter, me⁃ dial-lateral diameter and increased acetabulum depth, anterior space and force angle in sleep bruxism group than those of control group. Conclusion The bilateral bone stuctures of TMJ are basically symmetry in patients with sleep bruxism. There is no significant change in condylar position in acetabulum , but there is a trend of absorbtion of anterior space and de⁃ crease of condyle in patients with sleep bruxism. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of argon plasma coagulation in hemostatic treatment after bronchoscopic biopsy ZHANG Yongxiang, JIA Wei,LI Yuechuan, ZHANG Dongrui,MA Hui 2016, 44 (4):  494-496.  doi: 10.11958/20160031 Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (845KB) ( 3865 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the hemostatic efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) through bron⁃ choscope after biopsy. Methods The APC was given to patients suffered from coronary heart disease combined hyperten⁃ sion or paroxysmal auricular fibrillation and accepted bronchoscopy biopsy with much bleeding. The hemostatic effect and changes of heart rate, blood pressure and SPO2 were observed before and after treatment. Results Sixty-two patients were treated with endoscopic hemostasis by APC. The hemostasis was successful in 60 cases. The hemostasis was performed with APC successfully in 2 patients after intubation and mechanical ventilation because of the biopsy hemorrhage. Sixty-two cas⁃ es included 42 cases of airway tumor (26 cases in lobe bronchus and 16 in segmental bronchus), 16 cases of broadening of the trachea ridge and mucosal rough, and 4 cases of granulation tissue of lobe bronchus. There were no significant differenc⁃ es in mean arterial pressure and heart rate before and after treatment in 60 patients (P > 0.05). The oxygen saturation was sig⁃ nificantly lower after treatment than that before treatment (0.939±0.027 vs. 0.956±0.017, P < 0.05). Conclusion Hemosta⁃ sis treatment by APC through bronchoscope has the characteristics of rapid, thorough and safe, especially for patients com⁃ bined with cardiovascular disease. It can avoid the occurrence of cardiovascular system complications caused by convention⁃ al hemostatic treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression of high mobility group box-1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome and the treatment of atorvastatin MENG Xiangjuan, XU Jing, CHENG Aijuan 2016, 44 (4):  497-500.  doi: 10.11958/20150127 Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (326KB) ( 3856 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the expressions of high mobility group box-1(HMGB1) and high sensitivity C-re⁃ active protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the effects of atorvastatin on the two inflamma⁃ tory cytokines. Methods A total of 90 patients with ACS and 90 cases of normal control subjects were selected in this study. The serum concentrations of HMGB1 and hs-CRP were measured before treatment in patients of ACS. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=45) and atorvastatin group (n=45). Atorvastatin was given 20 mg/24 h and 40 mg/24 h. Blood samples were obtained from the patients for detection of HMGB1 and hs-CRP one week after treatment with atorvastatin. Results There were significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1 and hs-CRP in patients with ACS than those of control subjects (P＜0.01). The level of HMGB1 was positively correlated with the level of hs-CRP in patients of ACS (r=0.389, P＜0.01). Before treatment, there were no significant diffferences in level of HMGB1 and hs-CRP in patients with ACS between the two groups. After treatment with atorvastatin, the levels of HMGB1 and hs-CRP were decreased in the two groups of ACS, and those were significantly lower in the intensive group than the standard group (P＜0.05). Conclu⁃ sion HMGB1 could stimulate the secretion of hs-CRP and other inflammatory cytokines, playing an important role in the process of occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. High loading dose of atorvastatin may reduce the expression of HMGB1 and decrease the inflammation, and stabilize the plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Shenfu injection combined with low-dose hydrocortisone on plasma levels of HLA-DR and PCT in patients with septic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome LIU Yang, FAN Yunhui, LIU Chen△, XIE Baoquan, HAN Xiaoqing 2016, 44 (4):  501-504.  doi: 10.11958/58421 Abstract ( 782 )   PDF (346KB) ( 3992 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of Shenfu injection combined with low-dose hydrocortisone on plasma lev⁃ els of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with septic multiple organ dysfunction syn⁃ drome. Methods A total of 118 patients with septic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were divided into three groups: control group (n=39), experimental group 1 (n=39) and experimental group 2 (n=40). The control group received conventioanl medicine therapy, while the experimental group 1 received Shenfu injection (100 mL, 2 /d, for 7 d) combined with conventio⁃ anl medicine therapy, and the experimental group 2 received Shenfu injection combined with low-dose hydrocortisone (200 mg/d, for 14 d) besides conventional medicine therapy. The peripheral blood samples were collected for the detection of HLA-DR, PCT and lipoperoxide (LPO) before treatment, 1 d, 3 d amd 7 d after treatment. The mortality in 14 d was record⁃ ed. Results The mortality rates in 14 d were 61.5% (24/39), 41.0% (16/39) and 25.0% (10/40) for control group, experimen⁃ tal group 1 and experimental group 2 (χ2 ＝8.15, P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in PCT, HLA-DR and LPO levels before treatment and 1 d after treatment between the three groups (P＞0.05). The plasma levels of PCT and LPO were significantly decreased in control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 after 3-d and 7-d treatment, but the levels of HLA- DR was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion The combination therapy of Shenfu injection and low-dose hydrocortisone can effectively reduce PCT level and increase HLA-DR level, which promotes the improve⁃ ment of patients with septic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the stem cell-like side population cells HU Jun, YUE Xin 2016, 44 (4):  505-508.  doi: 10.11958/20150349 Abstract ( 917 )   PDF (382KB) ( 3805 )   Abstract: Recently, stem cell like side population (SP) cells have been found in many normal organizations and malig⁃ nant tumors, which have the proficiency of differentiation and self-renewal. These cells play an important role in cancer stem cell research, though they occupy a low proportion in total cells. Here, we reviewed the foundation of SP cells, and their rela⁃ tionship with stem cells, and the clinical application in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular diseases LIU Yingchuan, ZHANG Mei 2016, 44 (4):  509-512.  doi: 10.11958/20150059 Abstract ( 917 )   PDF (326KB) ( 3873 )   Abstract: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a metabolic disease, defined by increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and accompanied by normal thyroid hormone levels. Recent years, many domestic and foreign studies have showed that sub⁃ clinical hypothyroidism may be related with atherosclerosis and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, which increasing the risk and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with lipid metabolic disorders, hypertension, coagulation dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, abnormal glucose metabolism, homocysteine, C-reactive pro⁃ tein and lipoprotein. At present, controversy persists on the subclinical hypothyroidism. The aim of this study is to review the correlation between cardiovascular diseases and subclinical hypothyroidism. Related Articles | Metrics