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15 January 2018, Volume 46 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cell and Molecular Biology
Experimental Study
Clinical Study
Epidemiological Investigation
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Cell and Molecular Biology

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Construction and identification of mouse Krüppel-like factor 4 recombinant lentiviral expression vector and its effect on proliferation of RAW264.7 cells YANG Hong-yan1, LI Xin2, XIANG Guo-an3, WANG Ru-gang1, CAI Wei-hong1, LUO Hu1, LIANG Jing1, JI Wen-jie4 2018, 46 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.11958/20170967 Abstract ( 977 )   PDF (784KB) ( 3666 )   Objective To construct and identify a lentiviral vector carrying mouse Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) gene, and establish RAW264.7 cell line of peritoneal macrophages that over-expressed KLF4. Methods KLF4 gene was cloned using the measure of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then the recombinant transfer vector pLVX-KLF4 (pLVX-KLF4- mCMV-ZsGreen-PGK-Puro) was constructed. The pLVX-KLF4 was confirmed through PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The correct recombinant transfer vector together with its two helper virus vectors (psPAX2 and pMD2.G) were cotransfected into the 293T cells by Lipofectamine® 3000. The supernatant of 293T was harvested to infect RAW264.7 cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to test the viral titer of the expression level of green fluorescent protein. The expression of KLF4 mRNA in RAW264.7 cells was measured by real-time PCR. Results The restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing confirmed that the transfer lentiviral vector pLVX-KLF4 was constructed successfully. KLF4 mRNA was overexpressed in Lenti-KLF4 transfected RAW264.7 cells than that of wild type RAW264.7 cells (P＜0.05). In transfected RAW264.7 cells, KLF4 mRNA was over-expressed (P＜0.05). The recombinant lentivirus of KLF4（Lenti-KLF4）titer was 2.05×108 TU/mL measured by FCM．The flow cytometry results showed that the S phase fraction was prolonged and G0/G1 was arrested in the over-expressed KLF4 of RAW264.7 cells. The EdU showed that the up-regulated expression of KLF4 gene stimulated the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion The recombinant lentiviral vector, which can effectively express KLF4 mRNA, has been successfully constructed. The up-regulated KLF4 gene may increase the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inductive effect of BuShenYangGuTang on apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line KM3 and its mechanism FANG Zi-qing1, HUANG Xing-ru1, CHEN Xu1, LI Zhi-yuan2, LI Zhen-jie3, ZHANG Jian-guo1, FANG Jian4△ 2018, 46 (1):  7-11.  doi: 10.11958/20170840 Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (756KB) ( 3644 )   Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of BuShenYangGuTang on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line KM3. Methods The inhibitory effect of BuShenYangGuTang on cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8. BuShenYangGuTang induced KM3 cell cycle arrest was analyzed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Flow cytometry was also used to analyze the cell apoptosis after Annexin V-FITC staining. The expressions of Bcl- 2, Bax and NF- κB were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. Results BuShenYangGuTang inhibited the KM3 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and NF - κB were decreased, the expression level of Bax was increased, and the cell cycle was arrested in G0 / G1 phase after treatment with BuShenYangGuTang. Conclusion BuShenYangGuTang could inhibit the proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce the apoptosis in KM3 cells, which may be related to the abnormal expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and NF-κB. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of adenosine receptor A1 subtype on the immune regulatory function of retinal pigment epithelium cells KONG Fan-qiang1, ZHOU Shu-min2, ZHANG Wei3, CHEN Song4△ 2018, 46 (1):  12-15.  doi: 10.11958/20170959 Abstract ( 845 )   PDF (395KB) ( 3764 )   Objective To clarify which adenosine receptor subtype is the most powerful one on controlling retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) binding adenosine, and what is its function in RPE. Methods Total mRNA was isolated, and membrane protein was extracted from in vitro cultured human ARPE-19 cells. For all four kinds of adenosine receptors, ARA1, ARA2A, ARA2B and ARA3, their gene expressions were tested by real-time PCR while their molecules in the membrane protein were detected by Western blot assay. To check the influence of each adenosine receptor subtype on ARPE-19 cell binging ability to adenosine the cultured cells were divided into five groups, named A-E. A group was set up as untreated control, while, groups B-E were separately treated by ARA1 agonist DPCPX (50 nmol / L), ARA2A agonist SCH58261 (100 nmol/L), ARA2B agonist MRS1754 (100 nmol/L) or ARA3 agonist MRS1220 (5 μmol/L). H3-adenosine a radioactive ligand binding assay was performed and the maximum binding capacities (Bmax) were calculated in groups A-E of ARPE-19 cells. Then, ARPE-19 cells were all treated by the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ but with or without CCPA (100 nmol/L), an ARA1 agonist. MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β in their mediums were determined by ELISA. Results Either mRNA expression or membrane localization of ARA1, ARA2A, ARA2B and ARA3 were verified by realtime PCR and Western blot assay respectively. For A-E groups of ARPE-19 cells the Bmax of adenosine binding were (2.04± 0.31), (0.44±0.06), (1.82±0.28), (2.01±0.42) and (2.06±0.44) fmol respectively; and which were statistically decreased in group B than those of all other groups (P＜0.01). Compared with control RPE, the contents of IL-6, MCP-1 and IP-10 were decreased after treatment with CCPA, and the content of IL-10 increased in RPE group (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference in TGF- β content between the two groups. Conclusion APRE-19 cells predominantly use ARA1 to absorb adenosine, and the activation of ARA1 in ARPE-19 cells inhibits its IL-6, MCP-1, and IP-10 production, which have potentially immunosuppressive effects to APRE-19 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Study

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The effect of metoprolol on Calpain I and CaN signaling pathway in pressure overload induced myocardial hypertrophy YAO Jian1, ZHU Jian-hua2, SHENG Hong-zhuan2△ 2018, 46 (1):  16-19.  doi: 10.11958/20170878 Abstract ( 834 )   PDF (442KB) ( 4827 )   Objective To study the mechanism of metoprolol preventing pressure overload induced myocardial hypertrophy through inhibiting calcineurin (CaN) and Calpain Ⅰ signaling pathway in rat model of coarctation of abdominal aorta. Methods Thirty SD rats were used for hypertension rat model induced by coarctation of suprarenal abdominal aorta. Model rats were divided into three groups, sham operation group (n=10), abdominal aortic coarctation group (n=9) and metoprolol group (n=9). The changes of blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and myocardial hypertrophy [the ratio of left ventricular mass / body mass (LVW/BW)] were measured. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CaN mRNA, and Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of CaN and Calpain Ⅰ proteins. The activity of CaN enzyme was detected and compared between three groups. Results Compared with the sham-operated sham operation group, values of SBP, DBP, LVW/BW, protein expressions and activities of CaN mRNA, CaN and Calpain Ⅰ were significantly increased in operation group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in SBP and DBP between metoprolol-treated group and the operation group (P＞0.05). Furthermore, values of SBP and DBP were significantly higher in metoprolol-treated group than those of sham group (P＜0.05). Compared with operation group, values of LVW/BW, the protein expression and activity of CaN mRNA and Calpain Ⅰ were significantly decreased in metoprolol group (P＜0.05), which were no significant differences compared with sham group. Conclusion Metoprolol prevents myocardial hypertrophy in abdominal aorta coarctative rats, through inhibiting Calpain Ⅰ and CaN signaling pathways. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism and biological function of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 in hepatocellular carcinoma ZHANG Yin, YU Li-xin, ZHANG Fa-peng, YU Xiao-wen, WANG Wen-long, LUO Zhi-qiang△ 2018, 46 (1):  20-26.  doi: 10.11958/20170729 Abstract ( 1385 )   PDF (984KB) ( 4112 )   Objective To investigate the mechanism and function of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 (CXCL12 / CXCR4) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Methods Western blot assay, immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 in 60 PHC and corresponding paracancerous tissue samples. Four kinds of hepatoma cells (Huh7, MHCC97h, HepG2 and Hep3B) and normal hepatocytes (7702) were routinely cultured, and then real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of CXCL12 / CXCR4 in these cells to screen suitable experimental cells. CXCR4 interference plasmid (shCXCR4) and corresponding empty vector (sh-control) were transfected into MHCC97h to construct stable transfected cell lines. The ability of invasion, migration, and proliferation of the 2 groups of cells were detected by Tanswell invasion experiment, cell scratch test and MTT test. The stably expressed sh-control and sh-CXCR4 MHCC97h cells were taken into the subcutaneous of six nude mice, and the growth of the tumor was observed. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in sh-control and sh-CXCR4 MHCC97h cell lines and corresponding xenografts in nude mice, as the same in MHCC97h, which was transfected with CXCR overexpressed plasmid. Results (1) The results of Western blot assay, immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR showed that the expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than those of paracancerous tissues. (2) The expression levels of CXCL12/CXCR4 mRNA were higher in Huh7, MHCC97h, HepG2 and Hep3B cells than those of 7702 cells. MHCC97h was selected as the experimental cells. The ability of invasion, migration and proliferation of MHCC97h cells transfected with sh-CXCR4 were significantly lower than those of sh-control group. Meanwhile, the growth rate of nude mice transplanted with sh-CXCR4 MHCC97h cells was also significantly lower than that of sh-control group. (3) Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the expression of VEGF-C was lower in sh-CXCR4 group than that in shcontrol group, and the expression of VEGF-C was obviously up-regulated after overexpression of CXCR4. Conclusion High expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 are found in primary cancer tissues and hepatoma cells. CXCL12/CXCR4 may inhibit the proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells by regulating the expression of VEGF-C protein. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of SvO2-guided early goal directed fluid therapy on hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics in septic shock pig model LI Jia-nan1, DU Wei2, CAO Hui-juan1, DIAO Yu-gang1, ZHANG Tie-zheng1△ 2018, 46 (1):  27-31.  doi: 10.11958/20170522 Abstract ( 919 )   PDF (343KB) ( 3534 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of SvO2-guided early goal directed fluid therapy on hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics in septic shock pig model. Methods Twelve Bama miniature pigs (male, 21-24 kg) were equally randomized into 2 groups, group C and group G. Septic shock was induced by intravenous infusion endotoxin. Group C received hemodynamic support aiming central venous pressure at 8 to 12 mmHg, urinary output 0.5 mL/kg per hour, and mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mmHg. Group G maintained SvO2 greater than 0.65 in addition to the above indicators. The interventions lasted 6 h and at T0-T8 (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 min) recorded temperature, hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics indexes for each group, and recorded 6 hours for accumulated liquid volume, vascular active drug, and changes of urine. Results There were no significant differences in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) at each time point between group G and group C (P＞0.05). Values of CI and CVP were increased at T4-T8 in group G (P＜0.05). Values of MPAP and PVRI were decreased at T8 in group G (P＜0.05). Values of SvO2 were increased at T3-T8, O2ER were decreased at T3-T8 (P＜0.05), DO2 were increased at T4-T8 (P＜0.05), Lac were decreased at T5-T8, and Δp(CO2) was decreased at T8 in group G (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in values of VO2 at T1-T8 between two groups (P＞0.05). The amount of intravenous infusion and urine volume were more and the amount of norepinephrine was less in animals of group G (P＜0.05). The dosage of　dobutamine was more in animals of group G, and which was not used in animals of group C. Conclusion SvO2 guided fluid therapy is more effective than conventional treatment to stabilize hemodynamics and oxygen kinetics, which is characterized by the increased cardiac output, increased oxygen supply, normal oxygen uptake rate and good tissue perfusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of TLR4 in RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation induced by palmitic acid YAN Mei-ling1, QIN Yin-peng1, WANG Wen-yi2, ZHANG Yi1△ 2018, 46 (1):  32-37.  doi: 10.11958/20170824 Abstract ( 1104 )   PDF (876KB) ( 3610 )   objective To investigate the effect of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation induced by palmitic acid and its possible mechanisms thereof. Methods C57BL/6J male mice were fed normal (control group) or high-fat diet (high-fat group) for 18 weeks. The serum level of free fatty acids (FFA) and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in visceral adipose (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1) were detected. Then, palmitic acid (150 μmol/L and 300 μmol/L) was applied to stimulate RAW264.7 macrophage, the mRNA expression and the secretion level of cytokines were detected. Meanwhile, TLR4 protein level, the nuclear translocation and intracellular level of NF- κB p65 were also detected. After TLR4 inhibition by siRNA transfection, the mRNA expression and the secretion level of cytokines were detected. Results The body weight and Lee’s index were significantly higher in high-fat group than those of control group (P＜0.05). The serum level of FFA and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF - α, IL-6 and MCP-1) in visceral adipose were significantly higher in high-fat group than those of control group (P＜0.05). Compared with mice without FFA (BSA group), the mRNA expression and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 were significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the protein expression of TLR4 and NF - κB phosphorylated protein were up-regulated (P＜0.05) in mice treated with palmitic acid (150 μmol/L and 300 μmol/L). The nuclear translocation and intracellular level of NF-κB p65 were increased in mice treated with palmitic acid 300 μmol/L than mice in BSA group (P＜0.05). The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 and their secretion level were significantly decreased after TLR4 siRNA transfection (P＜0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that TLR4 may mediate the inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage stimulated by palmitic acid by inducing inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1), and which may be related with the activation of NF-κB. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intervention effect of CD147 on learning and memory ability in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease HUO Hui-yong1, LIU Bing1, CAO Ling1, ZHAO Xian1, CAO Yan1, XUE Jing1, WANG Ru-ke2, LI Jun- tao1△ 2018, 46 (1):  38-41.  doi: 10.11958/20170921 Abstract ( 881 )   PDF (365KB) ( 3590 )   Objective To investigate the intervention effect of CD147 on learning and memory ability in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods A total of 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and CD147 group, 20 rats in each group. All of the rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 g/kg). The rats in the model group and the CD147 group were injected with Aβ1-40 (10 μg) in the bilateral hippocampal CA1 regions, while the rats in the sham operation group were injected with the same amount of saline at the same sites. After 48 h, the rats in CD147 group were injected with CD147 cDNA in the bilateral ventricles, while the rats in model group and sham operation group were injected the same amount of saline at the same sites. Morris water maze test was used to detect the ability of learning and memory of rats. The expressions of β amyloid protein (Aβ) and γ-secretase were detected by Western blot assay. Results The escape latency was significantly longer in model group than that of sham operation group, while which was significantly lower in CD147 group than that of model group (P＜0.05). The number of times across the platform and the time of staying on platform were significantly lower in model group than those of sham operation group, while which was significantly higher in the CD147 group than that of model group (P＜0.05). The expressions of Aβ and γ-secretase were increased significantly in model group compared to those of sham operation group, while which were significantly decreased in CD147 group compared with those of model group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Exogenous CD147 can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats, and its specific mechanism may be related to regulating the activity of γ-secretase and down regulating the expression of Aβ. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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Correlation of serum bile acid concentration with inflammatory cytokines and ventricular remodel in elderly patients with chronic heart failure SHAN Rui1, YANG Pei-gen2△ 2018, 46 (1):  42-45.  doi: 10.11958/20170972 Abstract ( 904 )   PDF (324KB) ( 4524 )   Objective To investigate the correlation of serum total bile acid (BA) with inflammatory cytokines and ventricular remodeling in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 82 patients with CHF were divided into mild group (NYHA grade Ⅱ, n=47) and moderate group (NYHA grade Ⅲ, n=35), according to the grade of cardiac function. A total of 32 subjects with normal physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum levels of BA, IL-6, TNF-α, pro-BNP, LVEDD and LVEF were measured respectively. Results There were significant differences in IL-6, TNF-α, BA, pro-BNP, LVEDD and LVEF between the three groups (all P＜0.05), which were significantly higher in CHF group than those of control group, and which were increased with the increase of cardiac function grade (P＜0.05). The value of LVEF was significantly lower in CHF group than that of control group, and which was decreased with the increase of cardiac function grade (P＜0.05). There were positive correlations between BA, IL-6, TNF-α, pro-BNP and LVEDD (P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between BA and LVEF (P＜0.05). Conclusion Serum BA level is correlated with inflammation and ventricular remodel, and which has a certain reference value for the evaluation of cardiac function in elderly patients with CHF． Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between the serum level of soluble ST2 and the severity and prognosis of heart failure SU Rong1,2, ZHAO Na2, QI Xin2△, WU Xiao-dong2, QI Yan-fang2, HOU Wen-guang2, LIU Ke-qiang 2018, 46 (1):  46-50.  doi: 10.11958/20170968 Abstract ( 845 )   PDF (404KB) ( 4426 )   Objective To investigate serum levels of soluble matrix lysin 2 (sST2) in patients with different stages of heart failure and its relationship with prognosis. Methods Data of 300 patients with heart failure of stages A, B, C and D were included in this study. Thirty-three cases of healthy elderly population for physical examination were used as control group. The general information, echocardiography and related biochemical tests containing sST2 and NT-proBNP were collected in the two groups. The survival periods of patients were evaluated according to the Seattle heart failure mode (SHFM). Patients were followed up for 1 year to record the occurrence of adverse events. Results The sST2 level was higher in heart failure group than that of control group. The sST2 level began to increase in stage B, and which increased with the development of cardiac function staging. The sST2 levels were significantly higher in stages B, C and D than those of stage A, and which were significantly higher in stage D than those of stages B and C (P＜0.05). There were significantly higher incidence rates of adverse events, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in the patients with high sST2 level than those of patients with lower sST2 level (P＜0.05). Values of sST2, NT-proBNP, LVEDD and LVMI were significantly higher, and values of LVEF and SHFM life expectancy were significantly lower, in patients with adverse events than those of patients without adverse events (P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between sST2 and LVEF, and positive correlation between sST2 with NT-proBNP, LVEDD and LVMI (P＜0.05). The size under ROC curve, which was used to predict the cardiovascular endpoint events judged by sST2 was 0.665 (95% CI: 0.574- 0.757, P＜0.01), and the one by NT-proBNP was 0.790 (95% CI: 0.731-0.848, P＜0.01). The best cut-off value of predicting the clinical adverse events was 139.27 μg/L by sST2 and 855.35 μg/L by NT-proBNP. Conclusion The serum level of sST2 is early indicator of heart failure, which not only reflects the severity of ventricular remodeling but also is one of indicators to estimate the prognosis of heart failure in one year. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical value of indocyanine green fluorescence navigation combined with carbon nanoparticles in sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with early breast cancer ZHOU Dan1, ZHANG Kun1, CHEN Pei-xian1, YE Guo-lin1△, WU Ai-guo2 2018, 46 (1):  51-55.  doi: 10.11958/20171012 Abstract ( 933 )   PDF (494KB) ( 3933 )   Objective To explore the clinical value of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence navigation combined with carbon nanoparticles (CNP) in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for patients with early breast cancer. Methods A total of 294 early breast cancer patients with axillary node negative in Department of Breast Surgery, Foshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University from June 2013 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the patients, 149 cases underwent SLNB with ICG combined with CNP (combination group), while 145 cases underwent SLNB with methylene blue alone (MB group). If the intraoperative pathology results of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were negative, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was avoided. The SLNs detection rate, detection number, metastatic SLNs detection rate in SLNB were compared between two groups. The influence of age and body mass index (BMI) on SLNs detection rate was also analyzed. Results In the combination group, subcutaneous lymphatic channels were successfully visualized in 145 patients, and the detection rate was 97.3% (145/149). The fluorescence of SLNs was successfully detected in 143 patients, and the detection rate was 95.9% (143/149). The detection rate of SLNs was higher in the combination group than that of methylene dye alone group (97.9% vs. 91.0%，χ2=6.902，P＜0.05). The average number of detected SLNs was higher in the combination group than that of methylene dye alone group (4.5±1.6 vs. 3.2±1.5，t=4.476，P＜0.05). Fifty-eight metastatic SLNs were found in 715 SLNs in the combination group (8.1%), and 26 in 544 SLNs in MB group (4.7%). The detection rate was significantly higher in the combination group than that of methylene dye alone group (χ2=13.714，P＜0.01). Age and BMI showed no influence on the detection rate and accuracy of SLNB in two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The combined tracing of ICG fluorescence and carbon nanoparticles for SLNB has showed a better stability and operability in patients with early breast cancer, which is recommended to be a new SLNB method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of electroacupuncture on clinical efficacy, serum vascular endothelial growth factor and neuron specific enolase in patients with acute cerebral infarction SUN Zhi-xin, LI Nan-nan, SHI Lei△ 2018, 46 (1):  56-59.  doi: 10.11958/20170945 Abstract ( 1006 )   PDF (334KB) ( 4160 )   Objective To evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture on clinical efficacy, changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods From January 2015 to June 2016, 96 patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected and randomly divided into control group (48 cases) and electroacupuncture group (48 cases). The control group was given routine treatment, and the electroacupuncture group was given acupuncture combined with scalp acupuncture and body acupuncture on the basis of routine treatment for two weeks. The clinical efficacy, NIHSS score, serum VEGF and NSE levels were evaluated in two groups of patients. Results After two weeks of treatment, the clinical effective rate was higher in electroacupuncture group than that of the control group (P＜0.05). After one week and two weeks of treatment, the NIHSS score and serum NSE level were significantly decreased in both groups of patients compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05). The NIHSS score and serum NSE level were lower in the electroacupuncture group than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After one week and two weeks of treatment, serum VEGF levels were significantly increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P＜0.05). The serum VEGF level was higher in electroacupuncture group than that in control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture treatment can promote the regeneration of damaged blood vessels, repair neurons and improve clinical efficacy in patients with acute cerebral infarction, which shows definite clinical significance. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study of diffusion tensor imaging of trigeminal neuralgia with vascular compression GU Peng1,2, SUN Hong-tao3, YUAN Fei2, ZHANG Quan2, LI Jian-hui2, YUAN Bin2, SHEN Wen4△ 2018, 46 (1):  60-64.  doi: 10.11958/20171144 Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (704KB) ( 4044 )   Objective To study the findings and clinical application of the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the trigeminal nerve root in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Methods Forty-nine patients with unilateral TN caused by vascular compression and surgically confirmed were collected in this study. The subjects were divided into group A (contact, n=22), group B (displacement, n=11) and group C (atrophy, n=16), according to the relationship between blood vessels and nerves. Conventional MRI and horizontal DTI were performed to measure cross-sectional area (CSA), mean diffusivity (MD) value, fractional anisotropy (FA) value, axial diffusivity (AD) value and radial diffusivity (RD) value in nerve roots of affected side and unaffected side. The trigeminal indexes of both affected and unaffected trigeminal nerves and data of the affected trigeminal indexes of TN patients were compared between the groups. Results The CSA and FA values were significantly lower, MD and RD values of trigeminal nerves were significantly higher in affected side than those of unaffected side (P＜ 0.05). But there was no significant difference in AD value between affected side and unaffected side of TN patients (P＞ 0.05). Values of CSA and FA were significantly higher in group A than those of group C. The value of RD was significantly lower in group A than that of group C. FA value was significantly higher in group B than that of group C (P＜0.05). Conclusion The magnetic resonance DTI sequence can reflect changes in trigeminal nerve microstructure, suggesting that trigeminal demyelination is caused by vascular compression, and altered diffusion indexes of trigeminal nerve are reliable basis for the pathogenesis and the severity evaluation of TN. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinicopathological features and risk factors of neuroendocrine tumors in 256 patients YU Yong-jun1, ZHANG Shi-wu2, LI Yu-wei1, XU Chen1, ZHANG Pei-da1, ZHANG Xi-peng1△ 2018, 46 (1):  65-69.  doi: 10.11958/20170918 Abstract ( 1391 )   PDF (990KB) ( 3880 )   Objective To investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods Medical records of 265 patients with neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2006 to August 2015 were collected and retrospectively reviewed in this study. The clinicopathological data including gender, age of onset, initial symptoms, primary site, pathological conditions, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and follow up were analyzed. Results The gender ratio M/F of the 265 cases was 160∶105 (1.5∶1), with mean age of (55.8±2.7) years, and the high incidence was in age of 55-65 years. The tumors were located in the colon and rectum (127 cases, 47.9%), lung (59 cases, 22.3%), stomach (21 cases, 7.8%), appendix (15 cases, 5.7%), small intestine (especially in the duodenum and pancreas, 10 cases, 3.8%), mammary gland (11 cases, 4.2%), neck (10 cases, 3.8％) and unknown primary site (12 cases, 4.5％ ). Patients with different tumor sites showed different symptoms. Patients with colorectal tumors mainly manifested as changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation and blood in stool. The main manifestation of patients with primary pulmonary symptoms was cough or bloody sputum. The patients with tumors at stomach, appendix or small intestine showed many discomfort, such as abdominal pain and abdominal distention. Among the 265 cases, 186 patients were diagnosed as phase G1 (70.2%), 54 patients were diagnosed as phase G2 (20.4%) and 25 patients were diagnosed as phase G3 (9.4%). Immunohistochemistry showed that synaptophysin (Syn) was positive in 228 cases (86.4％), chromaffin A (CgA) was positive in 102 cases (38.5％), and C56 was positive in 74 cases (27.9％). A total of 232 patients were treated with surgery (87.5%), 28 patients received radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment (10.6%) and 5 patients were not treated. One hundred and ninety-eight patients were followed up at least 1 time, and the follow-up rate was 74.7%. The median follow-up time was 38 months. No tumor related death was found in patients with phase G1 during the follow-up, 6 cases of tumor associated death were found in patients with phase G2 and 19 cases of cancer related death were found in patients with phase G3. Metastasis was found in all 23 patients with tumor related death. The survival rate of patients with neuroendocrine tumor (G1+G2) was significantly higher than that of patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3, Log rank χ2=13.774，P＜0.01). Conclusion The males have a higher incidence rate of NETs than females. Patients with different tumor sites showed different symptoms. The most common primary sites of NETs are the digestive tract, especially in patients with colorectal cancer. The more late the pathological stage, the worse the prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of sleep features in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy MAO Shan1, PAN Li-ping1, REN Yan-ping1, CAO Juan1, WU Dan2, SONG Yi-jun1△ 2018, 46 (1):  70-73.  doi: 10.11958/20170925 Abstract ( 1099 )   PDF (306KB) ( 3839 )   Objective To study sleep characteristics in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) through polysomnography (PSG). Methods Twenty-five TLE patients (TLE group) and eighteen healthy volunteer subjects (control group) were recruited to our study. Patients of two groups were evaluated by whole-night PSG, including total time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency (SL), rapid eye movement latency (REML), wake after sleep onset (WASO), the percentages of non-REM (NREM) 1, 2 and 3 stages and the percentages of rapid eye movement (REM) occupied TST (N1%, N2%, N3% and REM%), the apnea- hypopnea index (AHI), hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) and nadir SpO2, periodic leg movements (PLMs) index and PLMs index of REM sleep, sleep stage shifts (SSS) and sleep stage shifts per hour (SSS/h), NREM1, NREM2, NREM3 and REM sleep stage and wake shifts (abbreviated as N1, N2, N3, REM and W) and their proportions of SSS (abbreviated as N1/SSS, N2/SSS, N3/SSS, REM/SSS and W/SSS). Results Compared with control group, WASO, PLMs, PLMs index of REM sleep, SSS, SSS/H and N2 were significantly increased in TLE group. Moreover, compared with control group, SpO2 was decreased in TLE group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that TLE patients have sleep disorder manifested as disorder of sleep structure, increased incidents of respiratory and motion events. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical treatment and experience of treating allogeneic lung transplantation with different ABO blood groups ZHOU Wei, KONG Xiang-rong△, WANG Kai, LIU Lei, CHAI Jun-wu, CHEN Hong-lei, XUE Fen-long 2018, 46 (1):  74-76.  doi: 10.11958/20171078 Abstract ( 1364 )   PDF (331KB) ( 4052 )   Objective To summarize the clinical experience in the treatment of allogeneic lung transplantation with ABO-different donor. Methods Data of three cases of lung transplantation carried out in Tianjin First Central Hospital from August to September 2015 were retrospectively analysed. ABO blood groups were different but compatible in three donors who were with brain death, and their panel reactive antibody (PRA) and lymphocyte poison cross matching test were negative. The surgical approaches were left single-lung transplantation and sequential bilateral single-lung transplantation. After the surgery, measures for pneumonedema control, immuno suppression (mycophenolate mofetil + tacrolimus + glucocorticoids) and anti-infection (imipenem and cilastatin sodium + micafungin sodium + ganciclovir) were carried out. Results The operation wsa completed successfully in all 3 patients, and the operative time was 5-6 hours. The cold ischemia time was less than 4 hours. The blood loss during the operation was 800-1000 mL. The trachea cannula extubation was pulled out within 24 h, thoracic drainage tube was pulled out within 72 h. All the patients were moved into general ward in 5-8 days. Patients discharged from hospital in 5 weeks after operation. Pneumonia infection occurred in 2 cases on the 6 th day after operation, and antibiotic treatment was upgraded and infection was cured after 3 weeks. All patients were followed up for 21-22 months, and 3 patients survived without serious complications such as graft rejection. Conclusion Comprehensive and effective surgical techniques, reasonable choice of donor lung and preservation method, active antiinfection strategy and triple immunosuppressive program can improve the survival rate after transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The association study on ABO blood types and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer LI Hui1, WANG Dan2, ZHANG Xue-hui1△ 2018, 46 (1):  77-80.  doi: 10.11958/20170695 Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (364KB) ( 3846 )   Objective To explore the influence of ABO blood type and other related factors on the prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The clinical and pathological data and ABO blood types of 153 patients with ovarian cancer who were undergone radical surgery from December 2007 to July 2011 in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 45 cases (29.4%) of blood type A, 43 cases (28.1%) of type B, 50 cases (32.7%) of type O, and 15 cases (9.8%) of type AB. The clinical characteristics of patients with different blood group types were analyzed, and the patients were followed up (the last follow-up time was June 2017). Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and the Log-rank method was used to compare the differences between the total survival and disease-free survival rates in different blood groups. Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Results (1) There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical features of different blood types, such as age, menstrual condition, recurrence, metastasis, clinical staging, CA- 125 level, and adjuvant treatment (P＞0.05). (2) The total survival rate and disease-free survival rate were significantly higher in patients of O and B blood types than those in patients of A and AB blood types (Log rank χ2=9.571 and 8.213 respectively, all P＜0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that ABO blood group type was an influential factor in the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, and patients with AB blood group showed a poorer prognosis (type B vs. type AB HR= 0.339, 95%CI: 0.138-0.830, type O vs. type AB HR=0.343, 95% CI: 0.137-0.855). Conclusion ABO blood type is related to the survival of ovarian cancer patients, and which can be used to evaluate the prognosis in patients of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the subjective satisfaction of free radial forearm flap and anterolateral thigh flap for the donor site after surgical reconstruction in tongue cancer patients MENG Li1, LIU Hao2, SHEN Jun2, MU Jie2, XIANG Xu2, ZHANG Jun2, PENG Xin3, MAO Chi3, YAN Ying-bin2△ 2018, 46 (1):  81-83.  doi: 10.11958/20170942 Abstract ( 1005 )   PDF (295KB) ( 3802 )   Objective To compare the subjective satisfaction of the free radial forearm flap (FRFF) and anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) of the donor site after surgical reconstruction for tongue cancer. Methods A total of 121 consecutive patients underwent FRFF or ALTF reconstruction after ablative surgery for untreated, primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma at Tianjin Stomatological Hospital and Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from August 2011 to October 2014 were enrolled in this study. The subjective satisfaction of the donor site, including sensibility, movement disabilities, cosmetics, social activities and general impacts on the quality of life (QOL), was assessed by a self-established donor site morbidity questionnaire from October 2016 to January 2017. Results Of the 121 patients, 34 died because of cancer or other diseases, 2 were excluded because of recurrence after reconstruction surgery, 11 lost to contact, and 74 (61.2%) completed the questionnaires finally, which included 39 patients in FRFF group and 35 patients in ALTF group. The scores for sensibility, cosmetics, general impacts on the QOL and composite score were significantly higher in ALTF group than those of FRFF group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the movement disabilities and social activities between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion ALTF has the advantage of better results of donor site morbidity, less adverse effect on the general QOL, and higher subjective satisfaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of calreticulin and its relationship with autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines in early rheumatoid arthritis DING Hong-mei1△，LIU Jian-hua2，JIA Shu-guang1，ZHAO Yan-yan1，WEI Wei3，ZHENG Fang4 2018, 46 (1):  84-87.  doi: 10.11958/20171120 Abstract ( 941 )   PDF (352KB) ( 3622 )   Objective To investigate the expression of calreticulin and its correlation with autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Serum samples were obtained from 106 patients with early active RA, 95 patients with stable RA, 85 osteoarthritis (OA) and 80 healthy controls (HC). Serum levels of calreticulin, anti - cyclic peptide antibody (CCP), interleukin (IL) - 1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - α were measured by enzyme-linked immnuosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum level of rheumatoid factor (RF) was detected by immunoturbidimetry. The correlations between serum calreticulin and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results Serum levels of calreticulin were significantly higher in patients with early active RA [(5.84±2.62) μg/L] than those in patients with stable RA [(4.26±1.42) μg/L], patients with OA [(3.92±1.10) μg/L] and HC [(3.86±0.91) μg/L] (P＜0.001). There were no statistical differences in serum levels of calreticulin between stable RA, OA and HC groups (P＞0.05). Serum levels of calreticulin were significantly higher in RF-positive RA patients than those of RF-negative RA patients [(6.12±2.87) μg/L vs. (4.92±1.22) μg/L, P=0.045]. Serum calreticulin levels were also significantly higher in anti-CCP-positive RA patients than those of anti-CCP-negative RA patients [(6.39±2.93) μg/L vs. (4.69±1.17) μg/L, P=0.002]. The serum level of calreticulin was positively correlated with IL-1β (rs=0.386, P=0.009), IL-6 (rs=0.405, P= 0.006) and TNF-α (rs=0.428, P=0.003) in early active RA patients. Conclusion The elevated serum level of calreticulin is related to autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines in early RA patients, suggesting that calreticulin can be used as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of RA. Related Articles | Metrics

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18F-FDG PET/CT imaging on a case of primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma SHI Wen-jie1, MEI Xing-ming2 2018, 46 (1):  88-90.  doi: 10.11958/20171019 Abstract ( 980 )   PDF (408KB) ( 3767 )   Primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PPMA) is a low incidence subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical data of a case with PPMA confirmed pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. The case of PPMA was found the primary lesion and lymph node and bone metastases by 18F-FDG PET/CT examination on May 2017 in People’s Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital. We discussed the clinical application of PET/CT in the diagnosis, staging and efficacy evaluation of PPMA. Related Articles | Metrics

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A case analysis of silibinin allergy misdiagnosed as herpetic stomatitis DUAN Hai-zhen, HU Quan, REN Da-fu, MA Xuan-lan, SONG Ren-jie, YU An-yong△ 2018, 46 (1):  91-93.  doi: 10.11958/20171281 Abstract ( 1734 )   PDF (369KB) ( 3644 )   It is known that silibinin has antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and which is widely used for liver damage caused by a variety of reasons. In recent years, it is found that silibinin has potential anti-allergic reactions. However, even larger doses of silibinin still show no significant side effects. The rare literature reports that silibinin can cause allergic reactions. The paper reports a middle-aged patient who orally took silibinin for the prevention of tuberculosis chemotherapy-induced liver damage, and he occurred symptoms of lip pain and anabrosis, foreign body sensation, and difficulty eating one day after treatment. The patient was misdiagnosed as "vesicular stomatitis" and was treated by anti-viral therapy. The patient was discharged from the hospital after treating allergic reactions. As a safe and effective drug for prevention of liver damages in clinic, silibinin should be alert to induce possible allergies when there are local skin manifestations such as lip pain and anabrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Epidemiological Investigation

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Analysis on the risk of dengue fever in Guangxi GUO Ze-qiang, LING Feng, GUO Liang-yong, LIANG Chang-wei, QU Zhi-qiang, LUO Mi-fang 2018, 46 (1):  94-98.  doi: 10.11958/20170837 Abstract ( 849 )   PDF (474KB) ( 4078 )   Objective To explore the causes of dengue fever resurgence in Guangxi, and to analyze the risk factors of dengue fever. Methods The descriptive epidemiological analysis was conduced based on the dengue fever data reported from 2006 to 2015, and the surveillance results of aedes and antibody levels in health population from 2013 to 2015 in Guangxi. Results Before 2013, dengue fever was imported from foreign country in Guangxi, accounting for 95.35% (42/45), and 75.71% of the imported cases was imported from Southeast Asia. The local outbreak of dengue fever was happened in 2014, accounted for 94.02% (849/903) of the total number of 10 years. From onset to diagnosis, Guangxi dengue fever cases need 0-70 d (median time interval is 6 d). Cases were reported year-round, but the peak season for the onset of dengue fever was from September to November, accounting for 96.46% of all cases (871/903). The number of cases reported in Nanning was the most (83.37%), followed by Wuzhou city (7.44%) and Guilin city (4.81%), and all the three cities had dengue fever outbreaks. The cases were mainly commercial service staff (27.80%) and houseworkers and unemployed people (18.16%). Results of aedes monitoring showed that the density of aedes was high in Guangxi. In more than 50% of the monitoring seasons the breteau index (BI) stayed greater than 20. However, the antibody positive rate was only 3% in the healthy residents of Guangxi. Conclusion The risk of dengue fever is high in Guangxi. Therefore, it is essential to emphasizing idea of prevention and control, strengthening immigration surveillance, improving diagnosis ability, enhancing public health education, and expanding monitoring range. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in signal transduction pathway of platelet activation BIAN Jing-qi, FENG Yue-nan, NIU Wen-ying, XIAO Hong-bin△ 2018, 46 (1):  99-103.  doi: 10.11958/20171003 Abstract ( 1030 )   PDF (413KB) ( 4017 )   Platelets are one of essential components of mammalian blood and play an important role in physiological and pathological reactions such as hemostasis, inflammatory response, thrombosis and rejection of organ transplantation. Platelet activation signal is the main physiological transmission mechanism that activates and induces platelets to play a physiological role, which has been the research focus in the field of physiological research in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed the new mechanisms of adhesion receptor-mediated calcium elevation, the new ideas of platelet activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors, and the new concept in platelet cGMP signaling and some other new researches. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteoprotegerin system and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease: an update XIN Jia-yan1, CONG Hong-liang2△, ZHAO Fu-mei1, SONG Yan-qiu1 2018, 46 (1):  104-109.  doi: 10.11958/20170949 Abstract ( 803 )   PDF (390KB) ( 3611 )   Osteoprotegerin (OPG), as a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, is a soluble secretary glycoprotein, which is accompanied with NF-κB receptor activator (RANK), NF-κB receptor activator ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to form osteoprotegerin system. A large number of clinical and experimental studies have confirmed that osteoprotegerin system participates in physiological processes such as endothelial function, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which is expected to be a biomarker for the occurrence, development, severity and long-term prognosis of coronary heart disease. In this paper, we summarized the biological effects and mechanism of the osteoprotegerin system in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease and its future clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the relationship between ADSCs and immunomodulatory factors HAN Qiu-qing1, SHI Shuai-nan2, WANG Yu-liang2,3△ 2018, 46 (1):  109-112.  doi: 10.11958/20170997 Abstract ( 917 )   PDF (322KB) ( 3753 )   Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are defined as undifferentiated cells that are capable of self renewal and functionally capable of differentiating into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, hepatocyte-like cells, myogenic-like cells, neuron-like cells, and islet-like cells. MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties according to secrete indoleamine-2,3- dioxygenase (IDO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to play the role of immunomodulatory. Moreover, pre-stimulation of interferon- γ (IFN- γ) can promote the immunomodulatory function of MSCs. High abundance of MSCs found in adipose tissue makes it a very attractive source of adult stem cells. This article reviews the recent progress in the interaction between adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and three immunomodulatory factors. Related Articles | Metrics