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15 May 2022, Volume 50 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of SPP1 on biological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells LUAN Yanchao, LIANG Chao△, HAN Qingsong, LIU Jiakun, YANG Liwei, LI Zhifeng 2022, 50 (5):  449-455.  doi: 10.11958/20212087 Abstract ( 821 )   PDF (918KB) ( 2721 )   Objective　To investigate the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its effect on the biological function of LUAD cells. Methods　The expression of SPP1 mRNA in LUAD was analyzed by UALCAN and GEPIA databases. The relationship between SPP1 mRNA expression and prognosis was analyzed by GEPIA and K-M database. The expression levels of SPP1 in LUAD tissues and cell lines was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot assay. The interfering sequence targeting SPP1 was constructed and transfected into A549 cells, and cells were divided into the blank group (no transfection), the NC group (transfection with SPP1 negative control sequence) and the siSPP1 group (transfection with siRNA sequence targeting SPP1). Western blot assay was used to detect the silencing effect of SPP1 in cells. The effects of siSPP1 on the proliferation of LUAD cells were detected by CCK-8, EDU and plate clonal formation experiments. TUNEL apoptosis assay was used to detect the effect of siSPP1 on apoptosis of LUAD cells. The effects of siSPP1 on the invasion and migration of LUAD cells were detected by Transwell and scratch assay. Results　Bioinformation database analysis showed that SPP1 mRNA was highly expressed in LUAD (P＜0.05). The high expression of SPP1 mRNA was negatively correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with LUAD (P＜0.05). SPP1 was highly expressed in LUAD and A549 cells (P＜0.05). Silencing SPP1 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of A549 cells and induce apoptosis (P＜0.05). Conclusion　SPP1 can be a potential target in the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, which may affect the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of LncRNA ZFAS1 targeting miR-373 to induce cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells YU Kuiyang, LIU Pan, ZHANG Haowen, QIN Tao, HU Mingxing△ 2022, 50 (5):  455-460.  doi: 10.11958/20203618 Abstract ( 496 )   PDF (772KB) ( 2296 )   Objective　To explore the mechanism of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) targeting microRNA (miR)-373 to induce cisplatin (DDP) resistance in hepatoma cells. Methods　There were the normal culture group, the si-NC group and the si-ZFAS1 group in this study. The levels of ZFAS1 and miR-373 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The cells were treated with DDP (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μmol/L) for 12 h on the basis of the si-NC group and the si-ZFAS1 group. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell was used to detect cell invasion. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9. Double luciferase was used to verify the targeting relationship between ZFAS1 and miR-373. Inhibitor miR-373 was added on the basis of the si-ZFAS1 group, and the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were detected. Results　The expression level of ZFAS1 was lower in the si-ZFAS1 group than that of the normal culture group and the si-NC group, and the expression level of miR-373 was higher than that of the normal culture group and the si-NC group (P＜0.05). After treatment with different concentrations of cisplatin, the cell proliferation rate, invasion number and the expression levels of invasion proteins MMP2 and MMP9 basically showed a decreasing trend in the si-NC group and the si-ZFAS1 group. The above indexes were lower in the si-ZFAS1 group than their corresponding concentrations of the si-NC group (P＜0.05). Starbase analysis showed that miR-373 and ZFAS1 had complementary binding sites, which were verified by double luciferase. The expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins were higher in the si-ZFAS1+inhibitor miR-373 group than those in the si-ZFAS1 group and the si-ZFAS1+inhibitor NC group (P＜0.05). Conclusion　ZFAS1 may reduce DDP resistance in liver cancer cells, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of miR-373. Related Articles | Metrics

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An experimental study of substance P promotes the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells by activating Akt pathway in #br# high glucose environment#br# LIU Na, , ZHANG Xiaodong, LI Yongtao, JIN Haifeng, JIANG Yang, WANG Lulu, LIU Danyang, SHEN Lei△ 2022, 50 (5):  461-466.  doi: 10.11958/20212234 Abstract ( 481 )   PDF (918KB) ( 2252 )   Objective　To investigate the effect and mechanism of substance P (SP) on the proliferation, migration and vessel endothelial cell differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in high glucose environment, and to lay a foundation for the treatment of diabetic complications such as skin ulcers. Methods　The cell high glucose model was divided into the high glucose control group, the high glucose SP group and the high glucose Akt inhibitor group. And BMSCs cultured in normal environment were used as the normal control group. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Transwell cell migration assay was used to determine the cell migration number of BMSCs. In each group, the differentiation of vascular cells was induced, and ELISA was used to detect CD31 protein content of BMSCs after differentiation for each group. Matrix mesh formation test was used to detect the angiogenesis ability. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in each group of BMSCs. Results　Compared with the control group and high glucose control group, the absorbance (A450) value, migration number, CD31 protein content, mesh number, relative expression levels of Akt and P-Akt protein were decreased in the high glucose SP group. Compared with the high-glucose group, the A450 value, migration number, CD31 protein content, mesh number, relative expression levels of Akt and P-Akt protein were significantly increased in the high-glucose SP group (P＜0.01). Compared with the high-glucose SP group, these indexes were all reduced in the high glucose Akt inhibitor group (P＜0.01). Conclusion　In high glucose environment, SP promotes the proliferation, migration and angiogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating Akt pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of indocyanine green photothermal in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus infection ZHAO Yan, ZHAO Jingjing, KANG Li, LI Zhenyu, LIU Shuangqing, CHEN Bing△ 2022, 50 (5):  466-470.  doi: 10.11958/20212254 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (783KB) ( 2327 )   Objective　To investigate the sterilizing effect of photothermal therapy (PTT) based on indocyanine green (ICG) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Methods　Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra were used to characterize the photophysical property of ICG. The photothermal heating curves of ICG with different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) were determined to evaluate the photothermal conversion performance of ICG. Mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells were mixed with different concentrations of ICG solution (0, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/L), and the cytotoxicity of ICG was measured by MTT assay. The concentration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus was 1×1010 CFU/mL, and the experiment was divided into the 7 groups: the PBS group, the ICG group (500 mg/L), the laser irradiation group (808 nm laser irradiation of 1.5 W/cm2 for 10 min), the ICG+0.33 W /cm2 laser irradiation group, the ICG+0.66 W/cm2 laser irradiation group, the ICG+1 W/cm2 laser irradiation group and the ICG+ 1.5 W/cm2 laser irradiation group. The number of surviving colonies was calculated and the sterilizing effect of ICG-based PTT was analyzed. Results The ultraviolet absorption curve showed that ICG had strong absorption band at 808 nm. The temperature of ICG solution (200 mg/L) can be increased by 23.3 ℃ after irradiation by 808 nm near-infrared laser with 1.5 W/cm2 for 10 min, while the temperature of pure water only increased by only 4.8 ℃ at the same experimental condition. The relative survival rates of ICG groups with different concentrations (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 500 mg/L) were 81.87%±2.69%, 81.47%±2.94%, 82.92%±2.61% and 80.44%±2.98%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups (F=0.402, P＞0.05). The survival rates of different laser irradiation groups (0.33, 0.66, 1 and 1.5 W/cm2) were 94.92%±1.98%, 93.89%±1.38% and 93.03%±2.31% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the groups (F=2.864, P＞0.05). In the sterilization experiment, compared with the PBS group, the number of surviving bacteria significantly decreased gradually with the increase of the laser power density in the ICG+ laser irradiation group (F=133.800, P＜0.01). Conclusion　ICG has a great biocompatibility and an excellent photothermal sterilizing effect under near-infrared laser irradiation to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, which exhibits a potential clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Edaravone dexborneol reduces inflammation in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway WAN Li, LI Zuoxiao△ 2022, 50 (5):  471-475.  doi: 10.11958/20212362 Abstract ( 1045 )   PDF (1193KB) ( 2281 )   PDF（mobile） (1193KB) ( 8 )   Objective　To investigate the effect and mechanism of edaravone dexborneol on the inflammatory response in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods　Thirty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group and the edaravone dexborneol intervention group, with 10 mice in each group. Except for the blank group, EAE model was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) polypeptide in the other two groups. From the day after modeling, mice in the edaravone dexborneol intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone dexborneol 12.5 mg/kg, while the mice in the blank group and the model group were intraperitoneally injected with the equal amount normal saline, once a day for consecutive 14 days. The behavioral changes of mice were observed, and neurological dysfunction scores were performed. HE and LFB staining were used to detect spinal cord pathological changes. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in brain homogenate were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in spinal cord tissue were detected by Western blot assay. Results　None of the mice in the blank group had the disease, and the other two groups of mice had different degrees of disease. Compared with the model group, the incubation period and peak period were delayed in the edaravone dexborneol intervention group, and neurological deficit scores in peak period decreased (P＜0.01). No abnormality was found in spinal cord tissue structure in mice of the blank group, and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, myelin structure disorder were found in the spinal cord tissue of the model group. Compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced and myelin structure disorder was improved in the edaravone dexborneol intervention group. Compared with the blank group, the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α mRNA expression levels in brain tissue homogenate and the TLR4, NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in spinal cord tissue were significantly increased in the other two groups (P＜0.05). After intervention with edaravone dexborneol, the above changes induced by modeling were reversed (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Edaravone dexborneol can effectively reduce the inflammatory response in EAE mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on xenograft tumor of human thyroid carcinoma in nude mice and its mechanism CHENG Ran, WEI Feng△, ZHANG Yuan, LIU Meilan, HE Jia 2022, 50 (5):  476-481.  doi: 10.11958/20212422 Abstract ( 428 )   PDF (1525KB) ( 2297 )   Objective　To observe the inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on the growth of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells in nude mice. Methods　Human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously under the armpit of right forelimb in 16 female BALB/ C nude mice. After the model was established, the nude mice were divided into 2 groups. The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 5-Aza-CdR 200 μL per 1 μg/g, and the control group was intraperitoneally injected with iso-volume sterile normal saline, once every 2 days for 4 weeks. The tumor-bearing mice were killed after the last drug intervention. The growth of transplanted tumors in nude mice of the two groups was observed. The histopathological changes of transplanted tumors were observed by HE staining. Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect the methylation degree of death associated protein kinase (DAPK) gene, and the protein expression levels of DAPK and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. Results　After 4 weeks of drug intervention, the tumor volume and weight were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared with the control group (P＜0.05), and the tumor inhibition rate was 45.38% in the experimental group compared with the control group. HE staining results showed that the number of tumor cells in the experimental group was reduced, the nuclei of tumor in some areas were faint and shrunken, and nuclear pyknosis and nucleolysis occurred locally. DAPK gene methylation was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot results showed that the expression of DAPK protein was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group, while the expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A protein were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of DNMT3B between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion　5-Aza-CdR can increase the expression of DAPK by regulating DNMTs in transplanted tumor of nude mouse, thus inhibiting the growth of antithyroid papillary carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effects of allisartan isoproxil on stabilizing antihypertension and myocardial protection in spontaneous hypertensive rats ZHAI Yajun, YANG Han, CHEN Wanli, LIU Yue, WEI Liping, LIU Keqiang, QI Xin△ 2022, 50 (5):  481-486.  doi: 10.11958/20212728 Abstract ( 606 )   PDF (817KB) ( 2533 )   Objective　To investigate the effect of allisartan isoproxil on  stable antihypertension and cardioprotection in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods　Twenty 13-week-old male SHR rats were randomly divided into the model group and the alisartan ester group, with 10 rats in each group. The other 10 male Wistar-Kyoto rats of the same age were used as the control group. The allisartan isoproxil group was administered allisartan isoproxil by gavage continuously for 34 weeks, the model group and the control group were given equal amounts of distilled water. Blood pressure was monitored every four weeks starting at the 16 week. Interventricular septum in diastolem (IVSd), interventricular septum in systole (IVSs), left ventricular posterior wall in diastole (LVPWd), left ventricular posterior wall in systole (LVPWs), end-systolic left ventricular diameter (LVIDs), end-diastole left ventricular diameter (LVIDd), ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular mass (LVM) were measured by ultrasound at 48 weeks. The animals were then executed and sampled. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining were used to observe myocardial pathological changes of rat heart. qPCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ), collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ), skeletal muscle actin α1 (ACTA1), and platelet response protein (THBS4) in myocardial tissues. Results　Compared with the control group, the blood pressure was significantly higher in the model group (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the allisartan isoproxil group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, IVSs, LVPWd, LVM and LVPWs were increased, and LVIDd and EF were decreased in the model group (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, IVSs, IVSd, LVPWd, LVM and LVPWs were decreased, and LVIDd, LVIDs and EF were increased in the allisartan isoproxil group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, myocardial fibers were disordered, blue collagen fibers were deposited and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, ACTA1 and THBS4 were increased in the model group.  (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the myocardial pathological changes were improved, the mRNA and protein levels of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, ACTA1 and THBS4 were decreased in the alisartan isoproxil group (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Allisartan isoproxil can effectively reduce blood pressure in SHR, attenuate the level of myocardial tissue fibrosis due to hypertension, and improve ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the drug serum of Xijiao Dihuang Combined Prescription regulating Teff/Treg differentiation and function in ITP patients WANG Mengxiao, WANG Aidi, YANG Wuxia, LIU Baoshan△ 2022, 50 (5):  487-492.  doi: 10.11958/20212724 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (682KB) ( 2320 )   Objective　To investigate the effect of drug serum of Xijiao Dihuang Combined Prescription (XJDH) on the differentiation of effector T cell (Teff) /regulatory T cell (Treg) in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to investigate the mechanism of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Methods　Twenty rats were divided into the drug-containing serum group and the blank serum group by random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The rats of the two groups were given intragastric administration of XJDH granules and distilled water for 3 consecutive days, respectively. The whole blood samples were collected in the two groups, and drug-containing serum and blank serum were prepared. The peripheral blood samples were collected in healthy volunteers and ITP patients. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were extracted, and CD4+ T cells were sorted by magnetic beads. After the activation of anti-CD3/CD28 antibody culture system, the cells were divided into the control group, the model group and the experimental group. The control group consisted of CD4+ T cells of healthy volunteers. The model group and the experimental group were CD4+ T cells of ITP patients. The experimental group was treated with drug-containing serum for 72 h, and the control and the model groups were treated with blank serum for 72 h. The proportion of Teff/Treg in CD4+ T cells was detected by flow cytometry in each group. The levels of interleukin (IL-2), interferon (IFN) -γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, IL-6, IL-17, Treg cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-10 in supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and phosphorylated proteins were detected by Western blot assay. Results　CD4 positive rate was (99.44±0.01) %. Compared with the control group, the proportion of Teff cells in CD4+ T cells was significantly increased in the model group. The proportion of Treg was significantly decreased, and the ratio of Teff/Treg was increased (P＜0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α were increased in the model group, while the levels of TGF-β and IL-10 were decreased (P＜0.05), the protein levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, mTOR and p-mTOR were increased in the model group, the level of p-Akt protein was decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the proportion of Teff cells in CD4+ T cells was decreased in the experimental group, the proportion of Treg cells was increased, and the Teff/Treg ratio was decreased (P＜0.05). The levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 were decreased in the experimental group, while the levels of TGF-β and IL-10 were increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the protein levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, mTOR and p-mTOR were decreased in the experimental group (P＜0.05). Conclusion　The drug serum with XJDH can regulate the differentiation of Teff/Treg and secretion of cytokines in ITP patients, which may be related to the inhibition of expression levels of PI3K, mTOR proteins and their phosphorylated proteins on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the correlation between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte monocyte ratio and symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis#br# HU Mingzhe, CHEN Xiangyan, WU Guangliang, QIAO Lijun, CAI Yefeng△ 2022, 50 (5):  493-497.  doi: 10.11958/20212251 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (449KB) ( 2447 )   Objective　To investigate the correlation between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) and the pathogenesis of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS). Methods　By retrospective analysis, a total of 649 sICAS patients were divided into the mild (58 cases), the moderate (202 cases) and the severe stenosis groups (389 cases) according to the severity of responsible artery stenosis. And the patients were divided into the mild neurological defect group (504 cases) and the moderate neurological defect groups (145 cases) according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Baseline data, laboratory and imaging outcomes were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors affecting the degree of intracranial artery stenosis and neurological defect. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to explore the efficacy of NLR or LMR in detecting the degree of intracranial artery stenosis and neurological defects. Results　(1) Female (OR=3.132, 95%CI: 1.008-9.732), high NIHSS score at admission (OR=1.343, 95%CI: 1.020-1.769 ), high LDL-C (OR=7.341, 95%CI: 1.609-33.502) and high homocysteine (Hcy, OR=1.320, 95%CI: 1.069-1.630) were independent risk factors for the moderate intracranial arterial stenosis of sICAS. The high Hcy (OR=1.377, 95%CI:1.118-1.697) was an independent risk factor for severe intracranial arterial stenosis of sICAS. (2) The high Hcy (OR=1.106, 95%CI: 1.055-1.158) and high NLR (OR=1.612, 95%CI: 1.340-1.939) were independent risk factors for neurological defect of sICAS. (3) ROC curve indicated that NLR had a low predictive value for the degree of neurological defect in patients (95%CI: 0.567-0.668, P＜0.01) while LMR had no predictive value (95%CI: 0.465-0.573, P＞0.05). (3) When NLR was 3.5, the diagnostic efficiency was the highest. Conclusion　NLR is correlated with the degree of neurological defect of sICAS, and the increased NLR may be an independent risk factor for the aggravation of neurological defect.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of external diaphragm pacemaker combined with breathing exerciser in patients with stable COPD and type Ⅱ respiratory failure WANG Yafeng, XIA Xiaoli△, MA Yanping, ZHANG Ning, WEI Caijie, MA Jiaojiao 2022, 50 (5):  498-502.  doi: 10.11958/20212368 Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (457KB) ( 2317 )   Objective　To observe the clinical effect of external diaphragm pacemaker (EDP) combined with respiratory trainer in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with type Ⅱ respiratory failure. Methods　A total of 82 patients with stable COPD complicated with type Ⅱ respiratory failure were enrolled and divided into the ventilator group (27 cases), the EDP group (26 cases) and the combined group (29 cases) according to the random number table method. Each group was given basic treatment according to the guidelines, abdominal top sandbag training and resistance cycling training. Breathing apparatus was added to the respirator group. The EDP group was given EDP treatment, and the combination group was given EDP combined with a breathing trainer for 10 weeks. Pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, exercise capacity and symptom scores were observed before and after treatment in each group. Results　FEV1%, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, p(O2) and 6MWT increased significantly, and p(CO2), mMRC and CAT decreased significantly before treatment in each group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in MMF%, SaO2, pH, HCO3- and BE between the groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, FEV1%, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, p(O2) and 6MWT significantly increased, and p(CO2), mMRC, CAT significantly decreased in the combined group than those of the ventilator group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in MMF%, SaO2, pH, HCO3- and BE between the groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion　EDP combined with breathing trainer can improve the pulmonary function index and hypoxia state of patients with stable COPD combined with type Ⅱ respiratory failure, improve exercise ability and relieve symptoms such as dyspnea, which is worthy of clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the macrophage apoptosis and M1/M2 polarization in patients with different types of coronary heart disease GONG Zhaohui, ZHAO Xinjun, LUO Chuanjin, CHU Qingmin, WU Wei, LI Rong△ 2022, 50 (5):  503-508.  doi: 10.11958/20212141 Abstract ( 612 )   PDF (906KB) ( 2265 )   Objective　To observe the apoptosis rate of peripheral blood macrophages and the polarization level of macrophages M1/M2 in patients with normal coronary artery and patients with different types of coronary heart disease, and explore their significance. Methods　Patients with stable angina (SA group), patients with unstable angina (UA group), patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI group) and subjects with normal coronary artery (control group) were included, 40 cases for each group. General clinical data of all research subjects were collected, including gender, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (Scr), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) within 48 hours after enrollment, and ejection fraction (EF) value from cardiac color Doppler ultrasound before discharge. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients within 48 h after enrollment, and macrophages were isolated and cultured. Apoptosis rate of macrophages, proportion and ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages were detected, and the relationship between them and different types of coronary heart disease were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of macrophage apoptosis rate and M1/M2 ratio on coronary heart disease and UA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the apoptosis rate of macrophages, M1/M2 ratio and the predictive value of their combined application on coronary heart disease and UA. Results　There were no significant differences in gender, age, height, body mass, BMI, ALT and Scr between the 4 groups. Compared with the control group, the SA group and the UA group, hs-TnI and CK-MB increased and EF decreased in the AMI group (P＜0.01). There were no significant differences in hs-TnI and CK-MB between the control group, the SA group and the UA group. There was no significant difference in EF between the UA group and the SA group, but which was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.01). The apoptosis rate of macrophages, the proportion of M1-type macrophages and the ratio of M1/M2 increased in the control group, the SA group, the UA group and the AMI group successively (P＜0.01). Logistic regression results showed that the increased M1/M2 ratio and apoptosis rate of macrophages were risk factors for coronary heart disease and UA. ROC analysis showed that the M1/M2 ratio and apoptosis rate of macrophages had certain diagnostic value for coronary heart disease, and the combined application had higher diagnostic value (AUC were 0.835, 0.898 and 0.926). The M1/M2 ratio and apoptosis rate had certain diagnostic value for UA, and the combined application had higher diagnostic value (AUC were 0.807, 0.796, 0.862). Conclusion　The apoptosis rate of macrophages and M1/M2 ratio of macrophages are closely correlated with coronary heart disease and UA, and have certain predictive value. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of progesterone level on transplantation day in natural cycle on pregnancy outcome of resuscitated cleavage embryo and blastocysts#br# SONG Tianran, SHI Ying△, ZHANG Yuelian 2022, 50 (5):  508-512.  doi: 10.11958/20212340 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (408KB) ( 2314 )   Objective　To observe the effect of progesterone (P) level on the pregnancy outcome of natural cycle frozen thawed embryo (FET). Methods　A retrospective analysis was performed on 549 FET cycles with natural cycles, including 211 cycles in the cleavage embryo group and 338 cycles in the blastocyst group. The two groups were divided into 4 subgroups according to P level on transplantation day. The divided embryo groups were: the ≤10 μg/L group (n=15), the＞10-20 μg/L group (n=84), the ＞20-30 μg/L group (n=70) and the ＞30 μg/L group (n=42). The divided blastocyst groups were: the ≤15 μg/L group (n=35), the ＞15-25 μg/L group (n=135), the ＞25-35 μg/L group (n=83) and the＞35 μg/L group (n=85). Data of age, endometrial thickness, average number of transplanted embryos, diameter of follicle before ovulation, hormone level on the day of transplantation, number of transplanted embryos, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, delivery rate and male/female ratio were compared between the blastocyst group, the split embryo group and the subgroups. Results　The average number of embryo transfer, ectopic pregnancy rate were significantly higher in the splitting embryo group than those of the blastocyst groups. Data of E2, P level, childbirth, implantation rate and pregnancy rate were higher in the blastocyst transplant group than those of the splitting embryo group (P＜0.01). There were no significant differences in age, lining thickness, diameter of follicle before ovulation, abortion rate and ratio of male to female births between the two groups. There were no significant differences in age, endometrial thickness, average number of transplanted embryos, follicular diameter and E2 level, implantation rate, pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate and delivery rate between the subgroups of split embryo group and the blastocyst group. Conclusion　The implantation rate of blastocyst is significantly higher than that of split embryo in natural periodic FET. Although P level on transplantation day shows no significant effect on pregnancy outcome in blastocyst or split embryo, it should be more cautious when selecting transplanting split embryo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Serum levels of VK2 and Runx2 and their relationship with cardiovascular calcification in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ non dialysis chronic kidney disease FU Weiwei, CHEN Jie, WU Qiongwei, LUO Jiangbin, LI Zhouyang, LONG Zuopeng 2022, 50 (5):  513-517.  doi: 10.11958/20212280 Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (449KB) ( 2283 )   Objective　To investigate the serum expression levels of vitamin K2 (VK2), runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and their relationship with cardiovascular calcification in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ non dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods　A total of 149 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ CKD who did not receive dialysis were selected. According to the clinical stage, patients were divided into the stage Ⅲ group (58 cases), the stage Ⅳ group (52 cases) and the stage Ⅴ group (39 cases). In addition, according to the cardiovascular calcification, the patients were divided into the calcification group (42 cases) and the non calcification group (107 cases). The general data of all patients were collected. Serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (Cys C) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum expressions of VK2 and Runx2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results　The levels of phosphorus, Cr, Cys C, Runx2 and cardiovascular calcification rate were increased gradually in the stage Ⅲ group, the stage Ⅳ group and the stage Ⅴ group, and levels of calcium and VK2 were decreased gradually, and the difference was statistically significant between groups (P＜0.05). The levels of phosphorus, Cys C and Runx2 were higher in the calcified group than those in the non calcified group, and the level of VK2 was lower than that in the non calcified group (P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the high expression levels of phosphorus and Runx2 were the risk factors of cardiovascular calcification in patients with CKD, while the high expression of VK2 was the protective factor of cardiovascular calcification in patients with CKD (P＜0.05). ROC analysis showed that serum levels of VK2, Runx2 and phosphorus had high evaluation value for patients with CKD complicated with cardiovascular calcification, and the areas under the curve were 0.843 (95%CI: 0.773-0.913), 0.819 (95%CI: 0.749-0.889) and 0.797 (95%CI: 0.726-0.868) respectively. Conclusion　The serum level of VK2 is decreased with the increase of stage, and the level of Runx2 is increased with the increase of stage in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ non dialysis CKD. Both VK2 and Runx2 are closely related to the situation of cardiovascular calcification. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of serum uric acid on the prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis patients with mineral metabolism disorders ZHANG Chunxiu, LI Jing, JIANG Hongying△, DONG Yunping, LI Yufeng, HE Ting, LI Meng 2022, 50 (5):  517-522.  doi: 10.11958/20212174 Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (482KB) ( 2284 )   Objective　To investigate the effect of serum uric acid (SUA) on prognosis of patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) complicated with mineral metabolism disorder. Methods　A total of 192 patients with MHD complicated with mineral metabolism disorder were selected. According to the level of SUA, patients were divided into the group Q1 (SUA≤363 μmol/L, n=47), the group Q2 (SUA 364-459 μmol/L, n=48), the group Q3 (SUA 460-559 μmol/L, n=49) and the group Q4 (SUA≥560 μmol/L, n=48). The clinical data were compared between the 4 groups. Patients were followed up. Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between SUA and other index. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival rates of the 4 groups, and Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of SUA on the prognosis of the patients. Results　Compared with the group Q1, serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood phosphorus (P) were increased in the groups Q2, Q3 and Q4, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were decreased, and albumin (ALB) was increased in the groups Q2 and Q4 (P＜0.05). Compared with the groups Q2 and Q3, the levels of Scr, BUN and P were decreased in the group Q4 (P＜0.05). SUA was positively correlated with ALB, BUN, Scr, P, and magnesium (Mg), and negatively correlated with calcium (Ca) (P＜0.05). The mean follow-up time was 16.0 (11.0, 23.8) months. A total of 45 patients (23.4%) had outcome events, including 22 patients (11.5%) with cardiovascular death. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality were higher in the group Q1 (Log-rank χ2=9.707 and 7.912, P＜0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that low ALB, low blood Mg, and CVD were risk factors for cardiovascular disease death in MHD patients with mineral metabolism disorder, while higher uric acid (the Q4 groups) was its protective factor (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that advanced age, low blood Mg and cardiovascular disease were independent risk factors for all-cause death in MHD patients with mineral metabolism disorder, while higher uric acid (the groups Q3,Q4) was its protective factor (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Higher SUA can reduce all-cause mortality in MHD patients with mineral metabolism disorders. Related Articles | Metrics

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The risk factor analysis and predictive model construction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma TAN Yuying, ZHANG Weiqi, XIE Yan, LI Jiang, LI Junjie, JIANG Wentao△ 2022, 50 (5):  523-527.  doi: 10.11958/20212723 Abstract ( 487 )   PDF (461KB) ( 2269 )   Objective　To explore the related risk factors of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to construct a predictive model of MVI. Methods　The clinical data of 178 patients with HCC who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for the first time were analyzed. Patients were divided into the MVI positive group (76 cases) and the MVI negative group (102 cases) according to postoperative pathological results. The preoperative general information, preoperative CT or MRI examination results, preoperative laboratory examination results, and pathological results of the patients were collected, and the patients were followed up. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) time was recorded for all patients. The diagnostic values of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio (ALRI), tumor maximum diameter, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to lymphocyte count ratio (GLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the diagnosis of MVI, and the optimal cut-off value was determined. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of MVI, and a predictive scoring model was established. The patients were divided into the MVI high-risk group (3-4 points, 67 cases) and the MVI low-risk group (0-2 points, 111 cases) according to the optimal cut-off value of the scoring model. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn to compare the RFS rate of the two groups. Results　Compared with the MVI-negative group, there were higher proportions of multiple tumors, tumor maximum diameter＞3.75 cm, preoperative AFP＞53.8 μg/L, NLR＞3, GLR＞85.84 and ALRI＞75.36 in the MVI-positive group (P＜0.05). The largest tumor diameter＞3.75 cm, preoperative AFP＞53.8 μg/L, GLR＞85.84, ALRI＞75.36 were independent risk factors for MVI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (P＜0.05). The scoring system composed of the above risk factors had good goodness of fit (χ2=2.553, P=0.862), area under the curve=0.787, P＜0.01, the optimal cut-off value was 2, the specificity was 0.814, and the sensitivity was 0.632. The results of survival analysis showed that the RFS rate of patients was significantly higher in the MVI low-risk group than that of patients in the MVI high-risk group (Log-rank χ2=37.584, P＜0.01). Conclusion　Preoperative GLR, ALRI, AFP and maximum tumor diameter are independent risk factors for MVI, and the predictive model composed of them has certain predictive value for the presence of MVI before surgery and postoperative recurrence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Colorectal cancer screening results and the establishment of the prediction model of advanced colorectal adenoma in Xihu district, Nanchang city#br# #br# ZOU Xiahui, LIU Dunju, WAN Dehui, JIANG Huiying 2022, 50 (5):  528-532.  doi: 10.11958/20212060 Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (532KB) ( 2252 )   Objective　To investigate data of colorectal cancer screening in Xihu district, Nanchang city, and to construct a line graph prediction model to evaluate its predictive value for advanced colorectal adenoma. Methods　A total of 10 618 patients aged 40 to 74 who underwent colon cancer screening were selected. All subjects were identified by two fecal immunoassay fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) and questionnaire. The high-risk group underwent colonoscopy, and the detection of colon diseases during the 5-year period was counted. According to the screening results, the clinical characteristics of non-advanced colorectal adenoma and advanced colorectal adenoma were compared, and the risk factors of advanced colorectal adenoma were analyzed by Logistic regression. Based on the screened risk factors, a line graph prediction model was constructed and its predictive value was evaluated. Results　Among the 10 168 patients who participated in the screening, 2 078 patients were identified as the high-risk group by preliminary screening, and 1 573 patients were completed colonoscopy, with an examination rate of 75.7%. A total of 584 cases (37.1%) of colon diseases were detected, including 18 cases (1.1%) of colorectal cancer, 79 cases (5.0%) of advanced adenoma, 224 cases (14.2%) of non-advanced adenoma, 254 cases (16.2%) of non-adenomatous polyp, and 9 cases (0.6%) of inflammatory bowel disease. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male, old age, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of colon cancer, appetite for red meat, and gross shape were the main risk factors for advanced colorectal adenoma. The area under receiver (AUC) of characteristic operating curve (ROC) predicted by the inclusion of the above indicators was 0.798 (95%CI: 0.737-0.859), and the internal validation C index was 0.797. The calibration curve showed that the incidence rate predicted by the linear prognostic model was in good agreement with the observed incidence rate (χ2=5.169，P=0.739). Conclusion　The detection rates of colon cancer and advanced colorectal adenoma in 40-74 year-olds in Xihu district of Nanchang city are low, and the detection rate of advanced colorectal adenoma is 5.02%. The risk of developing advanced colorectal adenoma is significantly increased in patients with advanced colorectal adenoma who are aged, male, obese, drinking alcohol, smoking, complicated with diabetes, and a family history of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the linear graph model constructed according to the above factors has good predictive value. Related Articles | Metrics

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The intraoperative prediction model of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in sentinel lymph node-positive breast cancer patients receiving mastectomy CHEN Peixian, CHEN Kai, ZHOU Dan, PAN Ruilin, YE Guolin△, CHEN Xiaosong, SU Fengxi 2022, 50 (5):  533-538.  doi: 10.11958/20212203 Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (544KB) ( 2299 )   Objective　To establish an intraoperative predictive model to assess the risk of non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes and total mastectomy. Methods　Data of 601 breast cancer patients who underwent total mastectomy in China were retrospectively collected, which including 221 cases in the modeling group, 189 cases in the internal validation group, and 191 cases in the external validation group. Logistic regression analysis was used to mine the risk factors related to NSLN metastasis in patients in the modeling group, and a multi-factor model was established and verified internally and externally. At the same time, the application effect of three existing prediction models after NSLN metastasis (MSKCC model, Tenon scoring system and MDA model) in population of this study was compared. Results　The positive NSLN rates were 32.6%, 32.3% and 50.3% in the modeling group, the internal validation group and the external validation group, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=0.968, 95%CI: 0.941-0.996), PR status (OR=0.484, 95%CI: 0.247-0.951), tumor size (OR=1.491, 95%CI: 1.151-1.932), the number of positive SLN (OR=1.868, 95%CI: 1.278-2.730) and the number of negative SLN (OR=0.763, 95%CI: 0.631-0.922) were the influencing factors of NSLN metastasis. The calibration degree (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=8.309, P=0.404) and differentiation degree (AUC=0.752, 95%CI: 0.685-0.819) of the NSLN metastasis prediction model based on the above indicators were good in the modeling group. The AUC values of the internal validation group and the external validation group were 0.751 (95%CI: 0.676-0.825) and 0.681 (95%CI: 0.606-0.757), respectively. The predictive value of this model was similar to that of MSKCC model and TENON scoring system, and slightly better than MDA model. Conclusion　The intraoperative prediction model of NSLN metastasis established for SLN positive patients with early breast cancer undergoing total mastectomy has good internal and external validation results, and its accuracy is comparable to existing postoperative prediction models. Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical efficacy and safety of anlotinib and albumin-bound paclitaxel as the third-line therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer cancer ZHAO Zilong, ZHANG Meiyun, GAO Hui, DU Wei, BA Yaer, LYU Yihua△ 2022, 50 (5):  539-543.  doi: 10.11958/20212207 Abstract ( 1197 )   PDF (445KB) ( 2275 )   Objective　To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of anlotinib and albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-P) as the third-line therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods　Seventy-nine patients with NSCLC were included in this study. According to the treatment plan, patients were divided into the control group (36 cases) and the study group (43 cases). The control group was treated with Nab-P, and the study group was treated with anlotinib combined with Nab-P. The clinical efficacy, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. The serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. Results　There was no significant difference in objective remission rate (ORR) between the two groups (16.28% vs. 8.33%，P＞0.05). The disease control rate (DCR) was significantly higher in the study group than that of the control group (76.74% vs. 52.78%, P＜0.05). The median PFS of the study group and the control group were 4 months and 3 months respectively (P＞0.05), and the median OS of the study group and the control group were 9 months and 7 months respectively (P＜0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of VEGF, CEA and CA125 were decreased than those of before treatment in the two groups (P＜0.05), and the serum levels of VEGF, CEA and CA125 were significantly lower in the study group than those in the control group (P＜0.05). During the treatment, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion　Anlotinib combined with Nab-P as the third-line treatmenthas has good clinical efficacy in patients with NSCLC, which can effectively reduce serum VEGF, CEA and CA125 levels with good safety.  Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical observation of butylphthalide improves the prognosis of patients with acute large-artery atherosclerosis cerebral infarction by decreasing serum #br# lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2#br# LIN Yufeng, WANG Zhiyun, WANG Xuesong△ 2022, 50 (5):  544-547.  doi: 10.11958/20212398 Abstract ( 502 )   PDF (393KB) ( 2318 )   Objective　To explore whether butylphthalide can improve the prognosis of patients with acute large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) cerebral infarction by regulating serum level of lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods　Sixty patients with acute LAA cerebral infarction were recruited and randomly divided into the two groups: the butylphthalide group and the control group, with 30 cases in each group. The butylphthalide group was intravenously injected with butylphthalide injection (100 mL/dose, 2 times/day for 14 days) and received sequential oral butylphthalide soft capsule (0.2 g/dose, 3 times/day for 11.5 months), while the control group was given intravenous drip of normal saline (100 mL/dose, 2 times/day for 14 days). Serum levels of Lp-PLA2, IMT from cervical vascular ultrasound examination and neurological deficit score (NIHSS score) were measured before treatment and 12 months after treatment. Results　The level of Lp-PLA2 in both groups decreased after treatment compared with before treatment (P＜0.05), but the decrease was more obvious in the butylphthalide group than that in the control group (P＜0.01). After 12 months of treatment, IMT was significantly lower in the butylphthalide group than that in the control group (P＜0.05). NIHSS scores were significantly decreased after treatment in the two groups (P＜0.05), but the decrease in the butylphthalide group was more significant (P＜0.01). Conclusion　Butylphthalide treatment can reduce the serum Lp-PLA2 level and alleviate the progression of atherosclerosis so that improve the prognosis of patients with acute LAA cerebral infarction. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression of cyclophile A in gestational diabetes and its relationship with oxidative stress, inflammation and pregnancy outcome outcome ZHU Rongying, ZHU Yanfang, XI Jing 2022, 50 (5):  548-551.  doi: 10.11958/20212271 Abstract ( 516 )   PDF (389KB) ( 2293 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of cyclophile A (Cyp A) in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its relationship with oxidative stress, inflammation and pregnancy outcome..Methods 98 GDM patients admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the study group, and 40 normal pregnant women who had a pregnancy examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.According to the adverse pregnancy outcome of GDM patients, it was divided into adverse pregnancy outcome group and normal pregnancy outcome group. According to the serum CYP a level of GDM patients, it was divided into high expression group and low expression group.Serum CYP A, oxidative stress index[malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α)] and inflammatory factors [interleukin-6(IL-6),High-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ)]of all subjects were detected, and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes of all GDM patients was counted.Results The levels of Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), MDA, 8-iso-PGF2α, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-ɑ, and Cyp A in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the SOD level was lower than the control group (P<0.05);The levels of FBG, HbA1c, MDA, 8-iso-PGF2α, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-ɑ, and Cyp A in the adverse pregnancy outcome group were higher than those in the normal pregnancy outcome group, and SOD levels were lower than the normal pregnancy outcome group (P<0.05);The incidence of macrosomia and preeclampsia in the high expression group was higher than that in the low expression group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, and preterm delivery in the high expression group All were higher than the low expression group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The serum Cyp A expression level of GDM patients was positively correlated with FBG, HbA1c, MDA, 8-iso-PGF2α, IL-6, hs-CRP, and TNF-ɑ, and negatively correlated with SOD (P<0.05).Conclusion Cyp A is abnormally highly expressed in the serum of patients with GDM, and is closely related to the patient’s oxidative stress, inflammatory response and pregnancy outcome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of APC-EPCR-PAR1 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis LIU Xuanqi, , LIU Huiyang, , ZHAO Jingyang, , YIN Fangrui, , , BAI Li, , , WANG Yongfu, , △ 2022, 50 (5):  552-556.  doi: 10.11958/20211591 Abstract ( 440 )   PDF (491KB) ( 2419 )   Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease. Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant transformed from its precursor protein C (PC), which plays a key role in the regulation of blood coagulation. APC can bind to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and activate protein kinase receptor 1 (PAR1) on endothelial cells, thereby initiating cell protection and anti-inflammatory response. This article summarizes the research progress of each target on the APC-EPCR-PAR1 activation pathway in RA, discusses the potential therapeutic value of APC-EPCR-PAR1 pathway in RA diseases, and provides more options for the treatment of RA in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in atrial fibrillation ZHANG Xuteng, LIU Fang, CHEN Jun, LIU Xiaomeng, JIN Le, GAO Hongmei△ 2022, 50 (5):  556-560.  doi: 10.11958/20212314 Abstract ( 498 )   PDF (470KB) ( 2300 )   Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia. At present, the main treatment methods of AF are anticoagulation, controlling ventricular rate and maintaining sinus rhythm. However, the mechanism of AF has not been elucidated, and the above treatment methods still have certain limitations. Phosphatidylin-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signal transduction path is an important pathway involved in the occurrence and development of AF, which can be involved in the pathophysiological process related to AF through mediating atrial fibrosis, inflammation response, oxidative stress and neuroendocrine function regulation. In-depth study of the role of PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway in AF can provide valuable guidance for the prevention, treatment and prognosis assessment of AF. Related Articles | Metrics