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15 June 2024, Volume 52 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cell and Molecular Biology
Experimental Research
Clinical Research
Applied Research
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Cell and Molecular Biology

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Effect of tRF-1:30 on the expression of inflammatory factors in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose XIA Yuwei, QIAO Yunyang, LIU Xuewei, SHI Huimin, QU Gaoting, ZHANG Aiqing, GAN Weihua 2024, 52 (6):  561-566.  doi: 10.11958/20240046 Abstract ( 359 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1001KB) ( 69 )   Objective To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of tRF-1:30-Gln-CTG-4 (tRF-1:30) on the expression of inflammatory factors in high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Methods RTECs were divided into the control group, the HG group, the HG+tRF-1:30 mimic group, the HG+tRF-1:30 negative control (NC) group, the HG+si-IKZF2 group and the HG+si-NC group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of tRF-1:30, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IKAROS family zinc finger protein 2 (IKZF2). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. Protein expression of IKZF2 was detected by Western blot assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between tRF-1:30 and IKZF2. Results The expression levels of inflammatory factors were elevated in HG-induced RTECs, and the expression level of tRF-1:30 was decreased (P<0.05). Overexpression of tRF-1:30 significantly decreased expression levels of inflammatory factors in HG-induced RTECs (P<0.05), and the expression level of IKZF2 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Further knockdown of IKZF2 can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, and the expression level of IKZF2 was down-regulated after overexpression of tRF-1:30. Double luciferase reporting experiment further verified the possible targeting relationship between tRF-1:30 and IKZF2. Conclusion Overexpression of tRF-1:30 inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors in HG-induced RTECs by target binding and negatively regulating the expression of IKZF2. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of matrine on inflammation, oxidative stress and wound healing in atopic dermatitis WU Bo, ZHU Zhuonong, ZHENG Lijuan, CHEN Junru 2024, 52 (6):  566-571.  doi: 10.11958/20231689 Abstract ( 380 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 62 )   Objective To evaluate the effects of matrine on the inflammatory, oxidative and migratory responses of HaCaT keratinocytes in an in vitro atopic dermatitis (AD) model. Methods HaCaT cells were divided into the control group (no treatment) and the model group (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L). HaCaT cells in the model group were stimulated with 10 μg/L tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) for 24 h. Cells in the model group were pretreated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L matrine for 1 h and then stimulated with 10 μg/L TNF-α/IFN-γ for 24 h. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of matrine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay was performed to determine levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β) and chemokines (TARC, MDC and RANTES). mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Cell migration was analyzed by scratch closure assay. Immunohistochemistry was commended to analyze the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Western blot assay was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK and p65 proteins. Results Compared with the model group, matrine 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and chemokines, and matrine significantly enhanced the expression levels of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), SOD2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and promoted scratch wound healing (P<0.05). In addition, matrine 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L inhibited the phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK and p65 proteins and the nuclear translocation of p65. Conclusion Matrine possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and stimulates wound closure in eratinocyte AD model, which may be related to the inhibition of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Research

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Mechanism of emodin modulating pain behavior in mouse model of osteoarthritis YUAN Man, FENG Zihan, XIE Min, WANG Bojun 2024, 52 (6):  572-577.  doi: 10.11958/20240056 Abstract ( 390 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1439KB) ( 112 )   Objective To explore the regulatory mechanism of emodin on pain behavior in a mouse model of osteoarthritis based on mitochondrial key genes. Methods Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group, the osteoarthritis (OA) model group and the emodin-treated (OA+emodin) group, 10 mice per each group. The mice in the OA group and the OA+emodin group were intra-articular injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (20 μL) in knee to establish the OA model, and mice in the OA+emodin group were treated by intraperitoneal emodin (10 mg/kg) injection. After behavioral testing, knee tissue of mice was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect expression levels of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and mitochondria-related proteins NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 (NDUFV1), cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5B (COX5B), cytochrome C oxidase assembly protein COX15 homolog (COX15), NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10 (NDUFA10) in knee tissue. Results Compared with the control group, mice in the OA group showed decreased mechanical nociceptive threshold (PWT), reduced latency and distance in rotarod test (P<0.05). Compared with the OA group, mice in the OA+emodin group showed increased PWT, latency, and distance (P<0.05). In the control group, the structures of cartilage and subchondral bone were intact, while in the OA group, the cartilage was thinner and the subchondral trabeculae was deteriorated. The treatment with emodin alleviated cartilage degeneration. The expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX15 and NDUFA10 were increased while expression levels of NDUFV1 and COX5B were decreased in the OA group compared with the control group. The emodin treatment restored the above-mentioned protein expression levels (P<0.05). Conclusion Emodin can alleviate pain behavior in OA mice by regulating the expressions of inflammatory factors and mitochondrial related proteins. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of acacetin on angiogenesis in diabetes retinopathy rats by regulating Hippo signaling pathway CHEN Yujie, HUANG Xia, DENG Bolin, JIA Wenwen 2024, 52 (6):  578-583.  doi: 10.11958/20230889 Abstract ( 348 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (964KB) ( 272 )   Objective To investigate the impact of acacetin (Aca) on angiogenesis in diabetes retinopathy (DR) rats by regulating Hippo signaling pathway. Methods Sixty SD rats were grouped into the control group, the DR group, the Aca low dose group (10 mg/kg), the Aca medium dose group (20 mg/kg), the Aca high dose group (30 mg/kg) and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway inhibitor Verteporfin group (Aca high dose 30 mg/kg+Verteporfin 0.8 pmol/kg), with 10 rats in each group. Except the control group, streptozotocin and high-fat feed were used to construct the DR model. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of rats were measured. Fluorescein angiography (FFA) was applied to observe retinal angiogenesis and fluorescein leakage. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Pathological changes of retinal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot assay was applied to detect expression levels of VEGF, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and Hippo signaling pathway proteins. Results Compared with the control group, retinal cells of rats in the DR group were arranged in a disordered and loose manner, with neovascularization and a large amount of fluorescein leakage, and body weight, the expression of large tumor suppressor homolog 2 (LATS2), p-Yes-associated protein (YAP) were reduced. FBG and expression levels of VEGF, Ang-2, HIF-1α, VCAM-1, YAP, transcription activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ), TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the DR group, retina cells of rats in the Aca low, medium and high-dose groups and the Verteporfin group were arranged neatly, with reduced neovascularization and fluorescence leakage, body weight and the expression levels of LATS2 and p-YAP were increased, and FBG, expression levels of VEGF, Ang-2, HIF-1α, VCAM-1, YAP, TAZ and TEAD1 were reduced (P<0.05). The effect was more obvious in the Aca high dose group. However, there was no significant difference in each indicator between the Verteporfin group and the Aca high dose group. Conclusion Aca can inhibit angiogenesis and improve retinal pathological damage in DR rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating the Hippo signaling pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and mechanism of sodium ferulate on Ménière disease model mice CUI Yanru, ZHENG Yanqiu, GAO Wei 2024, 52 (6):  584-588.  doi: 10.11958/20231044 Abstract ( 272 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1015KB) ( 53 )   Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of sodium ferulate in the treatment of Ménière disease (MD) model mice. Methods BALB/c mice were selected, and an MD model was constructed using posterior fossa epidural approach combined with intraperitoneal injection of aldosterone. Sixty model mice were randomly grouped into the model group, the low dose sodium ferulate group, the medium dose sodium ferulate group, the high dose sodium ferulate group and the dexamethasone group, with 12 mice in each group. Another 12 BALB/c mice were selected as the sham operation group. After grouping and tympanic administration, auditory evoked brainstem response (ABR) was applied to detect the hearing level of mice in each group. HE staining and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were applied to observe the morphology of cochlea and membranous labyrinth hydrops of mice in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in each group. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay were applied to detect the expression of Lp(a) in each group. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the ABR threshold, the score of membranous labyrinth hydrops, the proportion of middle stage area, serum levels of Lp(a), IL-6 and TNF-α, the IOD value of Lp(a) positive expression and the expression of Lp(a) protein in the cochlea of mice were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the ABR threshold, the score of membranous labyrinth hydrops, the proportion of middle stage area, levels of serum Lp(a), IL-6 and TNF-α, the IOD value of Lp(a) positive expression and the expression of Lp(a) protein in the cochlea of mice were significantly decreased in the low, medium and high dose sodium ferulate groups and the dexamethasone group (P<0.05), and the effect of high dose sodium ferulate was more obvious. Conclusion Sodium ferulate can down regulate the expression of Lp(a) protein, reduce the production of proinflammatory factors, inhibit the inflammatory reaction, thereby alleviating the symptoms of membranous labyrinth hydrops in MD mice, and improving their auditory function. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and mechanism of early exercise intervention on cerebral nerve myelin in rats with cerebral ischemia WANG Junyi, LI Chen, WU Xinyue, DING Xinyu, WAN Chunxiao 2024, 52 (6):  589-594.  doi: 10.11958/20231795 Abstract ( 363 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1490KB) ( 67 )   Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of early exercise intervention on cerebral myelin in cerebral ischemia rats. Methods A total of 18 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the middle cerebral artery occlusion resting group (MCAO-SED) and the middle cerebral artery occlusion exercise group (MCAO-EX), with 6 rats in each group. Except the sham group, the middle cerebral artery occlusion model was prepared by modified Longa line embolization method in other groups. After modeling, rats in the MCAO-EX group were placed on a treadmill for exercise intervention for 28 days. Neurological function was assessed by modified neural function deficit score (mNSS). Infarct volume was detected by MRI scanning (T2), myelin basic protein (MBP) expression was detected by immunofluorescence. Myelin sheath structure was detected by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot assay was used to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein expression. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Results After 28 days of intervention, compared with the MCAO-SED group, the nerve function recovered well in the MCAO-EX group, infarct volume decreased, myelin integrity increased, MBP fluorescence intensity expression increased and MBP expression level increased. The expression levels of ATF6, p-IRE1, p-PERK and cleaved caspase 3 were significantly decreased, and apoptosis was reduced. Conclusion Early exercise can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis, promote cerebral myelin repair, reduce infarct size and improve nerve function. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Jaceosidin on inflammatory response in gestational diabetes mellitus rats by regulating SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway JIANG Tao, CHENG Hongyan, WU Qiong 2024, 52 (6):  594-598.  doi: 10.11958/20231228 Abstract ( 394 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1158KB) ( 146 )   Objective To investigate the effect of Jaceosidin on inflammatory response in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats and its mechanism. Methods The GDM rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into pregnant rats. The successfully established rats were separated into the GDM group, the Jaceosidin L, M, H groups and the Jaceosidin+CTCE-0214 [stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) activator] group, with 10 rats in each group. Meantime, 10 healthy pregnant rats were taken as the control group. The Jaceosidin L, M and H groups were gavaged with 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg Jaceosidin, respectively. The Jaceosidin+CTCE-0214 group was intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg CTCE-0214 and gavaged with 4 mg/kg Jaceosidin. The control group and the GDM group were given equal amounts of physiological saline. The fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index were compared between each group of rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in placental tissue. HE staining was applied to observe pathological changes of placental tissue. Apoptosis of placental tissue was detected by TUNEL. Western blot assay was applied to detect levels of SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway related proteins in placental tissue. Results The intervention of different doses of Jaceosidin in GDM rats reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index and proinflammatory cytokines, improved the placental injury and apoptosis of GDM rats, and inhibited the activation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). SDF-1α/CXCR4 activator combined Jaceosidin could inhibit the above effects of Jaceosidin. Conclusion Jaceosidin can reduce inflammation and insulin resistance in GDM rats by suppressing the activation of SDF-1 α/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Research

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Comparative study of therapeutic effect of rubber ring and dental floss combined with hemoclipping assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection on early gastrointestinal tumor XIE Wenfu, WEI Mingyong, ZHANG Shan, LIU Haiying, LEI Hao, ZOU Fangyuan 2024, 52 (6):  599-603.  doi: 10.11958/20230651 Abstract ( 316 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1201KB) ( 89 )   Objective To compare the effect of rubber ring versus dental floss combined with hemoclipping assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of early gastrointestinal tumor. Methods A total of 103 patients with early gastrointestinal cancer were divided into the rubber band traction group (rubber band group, n=51) and the dental floss traction assist group (dental floss group, n=52) according to different assisted traction techniques during ESD. The basic conditions of the two groups were compared before operation, as well as the amount of submucosal injection, installation time of the traction device, the amount of bleeding during operation, the time of operation, the delayed bleeding after operation, one-time complete resection rate of tumor, days in hospital after operation and complication rate at 72 hours after operation. The degree of postoperative pain (VAS pain Score), follow-up quality of life (SF-36 Score) and complications 12 months after operation were also recorded. Results The intraoperative submucosal injection volume, intraoperative bleeding volume, number of hemostatic clamp detachment, surgical time, complication rate 72 hour after operation and postoperative hospital stay were lower in the rubber band group than those in the dental floss group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of delayed postoperative bleeding between the two groups (P>0.05). After 12 months of follow-up, patients in the rubber band group had mild postoperative pain and good quality of life. The incidence of complications decreased within 12 months after surgery in the rubber band group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with floss traction aid, rubber ring traction aid ESD can shorten the operation time and reduce postoperative complications, which is worth popularizing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study of the treatment of GOV type gastric varices with large-volume band ligators and tissue glue combined with lauromacrogol injection SHI Yuru, SHI Ding 2024, 52 (6):  604-609.  doi: 10.11958/20231728 Abstract ( 296 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1861KB) ( 64 )   Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of large volume ligation device and tissue glue injection in the treatment of GOV gastric varicose veins, and to provide reference for the treatment of GOV gastric varicose veins. Methods A total of 150 patients with GOV type gastric varicose veins were prospectively included. Patients were divided into the endoscopic varicose vein ligation (EBL) group (78 cases) and the endoscopic varicose vein embolization (EVO) group (72 cases) according to their condition and willingness. In EBL group, GOV type gastric varices were treated by endoscopic ligation with a large volume ligation device. The EVO group was treated with tissue glue combined with cinnamyl alcohol injection. All patients were re-examined with gastroscopy 2-3 weeks after the first operation to observe whether varicose veins were residual and bleeding (if so, treatment should be repeated at this follow-up visit). Gastroscopy was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery to evaluate the main outcome measures after endoscopic treatment, including success rate of varicose vein hemostasis, technical success rate, eradication rate, recurrence rate and related complications (secondary indicators): endoscopy-related bleeding, fever, sepsis and distant embolization. Results There were no significant differences in technical success rate, hemostasis success rate, average treatment times and 6-month eradication rate of gastric varices between the EBL group and the EVO group. The recurrence rate was higher in the EVO group than that of EBL group (P<0.05). The endoscopy-related bleeding rate and fever rate were lower in the EBL group than those in the EVO group (P<0.05). In the EVO group, 1 patient developed pulmonary embolism after injection and 3 patients developed septicemia. Conclusion The short-term efficacy of high volume ligation device is similar to that of endoscopic injection of tissue glue in eradicating GOV gastric varices, but the former is safer than the latter. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical significance of serum asprosin level in patients with early renal damage of essential hypertension LI Yong, SU Yakun, ZHANG Hongbo, LI Yuan, LI Zhanhu, YAN Xiaoju 2024, 52 (6):  609-613.  doi: 10.11958/20231349 Abstract ( 373 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (834KB) ( 88 )   Objective To investigate the clinical significance and serum changes of asprosin (ASP) levels in patients with essential hypertension and early renal damage. Methods According to urinary albumin / creatinine ratio (UACR), 160 patients with essential hypertension were divided into the simple hypertension group (78 cases) and the early renal damage group (82 cases). Another 60 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The differences of serum ASP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and UACR levels were compared between groups. The correlation between ASP and blood pressure, IL-6 and UACR was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing early renal damage in essential hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of each index for early renal injury. Results The serum levels of ASP, IL-6 and UACR were higher in the early renal damage group than those in the control group and the simple hypertension group (all P<0.05). The serum levels of ASP and IL-6 showed an increasing trend with the increase of blood pressure. ASP was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and IL-6 levels in patients with essential hypertension (all P<0.05). Serum ASP was positively correlated with SBP, UACR and IL-6 levels in essential hypertension patients (P<0.05), and serum ASP was positively correlated with UACR and IL-6 levels in the early renal damage group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of SBP, ASP and IL-6 were independent risk factors for early renal damage. ROC curve showed that ASP had the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.972 (95%CI: 0.950-0.993). The AUC of combined detection of ASP+IL-6+SBP was 0.986 (95%CI:0.972-0.999). Conclusion The increased serum ASP level in patients with early renal damage in essential hypertension is a good predictor of early renal damage. The combined detection of ASP+IL-6+SBP is better than single detection. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between sleep-wake biorhythm and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke XUE Jing, YUAN Xiaodong, XING Aijun, WANG Lianhui, MA Qian, FU Yongshan, ZHANG Pingshu 2024, 52 (6):  614-619.  doi: 10.11958/20231431 Abstract ( 369 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (842KB) ( 195 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between circadian sleep-wake biorhythm and prognosis in patients with middle cerebral artery acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 71 patients with acute ischemic stroke of middle cerebral artery were selected as the case group，and 67 patients without acute ischemic stroke and cerebrovascular stenosis were selected as the control group. According to the modified Rankin score at discharge, patients with acute ischemic stroke were subdivided into the good prognosis group (53 cases) and the poor prognosis group (18 cases). General clinical data of patients were collected, and differences of circadian rhythm, daytime sleep-wake rhythm, nighttime sleep-wake rhythm and circadian sleep-wake rhythm indexes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze prognostic factors of acute ischemic stroke in middle cerebral artery. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of relevant variables. Results Age, male ratio, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking and drinking history were significantly higher in the case group than those in the control group. Daytime stability (IS) in the case group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Daytime total sleep time, wake time after falling asleep, light sleep period, deep sleep period, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep period, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period and the proportion of deep sleep period, the proportion of REM sleep period were higher in the case group than those of the control group, while the REM sleep latency and the proportion of light sleep period were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total sleep time, wake time, light sleep period, NREM sleep period and REM sleep period were higher in the case group than those of control group, while the proportion of sleep latency and REM sleep period were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of increased circadian sleep, increased daytime sleep and low sleep efficiency at night were higher in the case group than those of the control group (P<0.05). Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that daytime REM sleep was a prognistic factor in middle cerebral artery acute ischemic stroke. During daytime REM sleep, the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.705, the sensitivity was 0.811 and the specificity was 0.611. Conclusion After acute ischemic stroke of middle cerebral artery, the circadian sleep-wake rhythm is unbalanced, which is manifested as poor daytime stability, increased daytime sleep, increased circadian sleep and low sleep efficiency at night. Daytime REM sleep has predictive value for prognosis of acute ischemic stroke of middle cerebral artery. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between cognitive impairment and sleep parameters in stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea QIAN Hongchun, ZHANG Pingshu, YUAN Xiaodong, YUAN Jianxin, CAO Lingyun, DUAN Liqin 2024, 52 (6):  619-624.  doi: 10.11958/20231238 Abstract ( 377 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (795KB) ( 80 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and sleep parameters in acute ischemic stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods A total of 343 patients with acute ischemic stroke and OSA were selected. The cognitive function was assessed using the simple mental state examination scale (MMSE). Patients were divided into the stroke with OSA and cognitive impairment group (MMSE<27 points, n=119) and the stroke with OSA without cognitive impairment group (MMSE≥27 points, n=224). General data, TOAST etiological classification and distribution of cerebral infarction lesions were collected. The intelligent sleep monitoring system was used to calculate apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and evaluate OSA. Objective sleep monitoring parameters were collected at night. Sleep monitoring was conducted within 24 h of admission and continuous monitoring for≥3 nights. Continuous monitoring duration ≥7 h every night to obtain night sleep structure parameters. Multifactor Logistics regression was used to analyze the relationship between cognitive impairment and sleep parameters in stroke patients with OSA. Results Compared with the stroke with OSA without cognitive impairment group, the proportion of age, diabetes history and HHcy history, the proportion of patients with infarct lesions located in frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, thalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem and hemioval center increased in the stroke with OSA and cognitive impairment group, and the number of years of education decreased, the number of waking times, the proportion of light sleep and AHI increased, the nighttime sleep efficiency and deep sleep period decreased (P<0.05). Logistics regression analysis showed that after controlling for years of education, age and other interference factors, nighttime sleep efficiency and AHI were strongly associated with cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke patients with OSA (P<0.05). The increased nighttime sleep efficiency was protective factor for cognitive impairment, and increased AHI was risk factor for cognitive impairment. Conclusion Cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke patients with OSA is closely related to sleep parameters, in which the increased sleep efficiency at night is a protective factor for cognitive impairment, and the increased AHI is a risk factor. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical value of serum HbA1c, Alarin and Ficolin-3 levels in predicting pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus CHANG Hong, ZHANG Kewei, XU Jing, CUI Xiaomin, YANG Feifei 2024, 52 (6):  625-629.  doi: 10.11958/20231789 Abstract ( 354 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (807KB) ( 81 )   Objective To explore the value of the combination of serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Alarin and Ficolin-3 in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods From March 2021 to March 2023, 129 GDM patients who underwent prenatal examination and hospital delivery in Yantai Yeda Hospital were collected as the GDM group, while 133 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance test results were regarded as the control group. Fully automated glycated hemoglobin analyzer was applied to detect serum HbA1c level. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect serum Alarin and Ficolin-3 levels. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between serum HbA1c, Alarin, Ficolin-3 levels and 2 hour postprandial glucose (2 h PG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostasis model assessment method for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in GDM patients. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship between HbA1c, Alarin, Ficolin-3 levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the value of serum HbA1c, Alarin and Ficolin-3 levels in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Results The 2 h PG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and serum HbA1c, Alarin, and Ficolin-3 levels were significantly higher in the GDM group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of HbA1c, Alarin and Ficolin-3 were positively correlated with 2 h PG, FBG and HOMA-IR in GDM patients (P<0.05). The serum HbA1c, Alarin and Ficolin-3 levels were greatly higher in GDM patients with poor blood glucose control than those in GDM patients with good blood glucose control (P<0.05). The above levels of three indicators in GDM patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly higher than those in GDM patients without adverse pregnancy outcomes (P<0.05). Elevated levels of HbA1c, Alarin and Ficolin-3 were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients (P<0.05). The area under the curves of HbA1c, Alarin and Ficolin-3 alone and in combination were 0.840, 0.865, 0.815 and 0.979, respectively in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Conclusion The serum HbA1c, Alarin and Ficolin-3 levels are abnormally elevated in GDM patients, and the combined detection of the three can improve the value in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on the value of circulating PLGF level in predicting the severity of preeclampsia and evaluating pregnancy outcome SHENG Hongna, FAN Zhuoran, HUA Shaofang, ZHANG Junnong 2024, 52 (6):  630-634.  doi: 10.11958/20231257 Abstract ( 305 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (788KB) ( 66 )   Objective To investigate the correlation between the level of circulating placental growth factor (PLGF) and the severity of preeclampsia (PE), maternal and infant outcomes and placental pathology. Methods A total of 159 PE patients were selected as the study subjects and divided into the PE1 group (62 PE patients with termination of pregnancy < 34 weeks) and the PE2 group (97 PE patients with termination of pregnancy ≥ 34 weeks) according to the gestational age of pregnancy termination. A total of 107 non-PE patients who gave birth during the same period were selected as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups according to the gestational age of termination: the non-PE1 group (41 non-PE patients with termination of pregnancy at < 34 weeks) and the non-PE2 group (66 non-PE patients with termination of pregnancy at ≥34 weeks). General data were collected in each group of pregnant women, including age, body mass index (BMI), admission systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 24 h urinary protein quantity, gestational times, presence of FGR and fetal embarrassment. General information of newborns during the operation were collected, for example, whether there was fecal contamination of amniotic fluid, neonatal asphyxia, and days of newborn stayed in NICU. PLGF in venous blood of pregnant women was detected on the day of delivery. The placenta was pathologically detected and scored. After delivery, blood gas of umbilical artery was analyzed, and PH (pH), base surplus (BE), lactic acid (LAC) were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in age, gestational times and delivery times between the PE1 group and the PE2 group and the corresponding the non-PE1 group and the non-PE2 group. BMI was higher in the PE1 group and the PE2 group than that in the non-PE1 group and the non-PE2 group. PLGF was lower in the PE1 group and the PE2 group than that in the non-PE1 group and the non-PE2 group, respectively, and PLGF was lower in the PE1 group than that in the PE2 group (P<0.05). The 24 h urinary protein quantity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pathological changes of placenta were higher in the PE1 group than those in the PE2 group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in fecal staining of amniotic fluid, fetal embarrassed condition and pH value of umbilical artery blood gas during delivery between the PE1 group and the PE2 group. Compared with the PE2 group, the proportion of neonatal asphyxia and FGR, the umbilical artery blood gas LAC were increased, the BE value was decreased, and the time of staying in NICU was prolonged in the PE1 group (P<0.05). Conclusion The level of circulating PLGF is decreased in patients with preeclampsia. PLGF has certain value in evaluating PE and predicting adverse pregnancy outcome. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) on long-term survival of patients with stage III squamous lung cancer treated with radical radiotherapy HUO Jingchen, WANG Yue, LI Hua, QIU Rong, SU Jingwei, WANG Zhuofan, YANG Jie 2024, 52 (6):  634-638.  doi: 10.11958/20231898 Abstract ( 353 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (853KB) ( 215 )   Objective To investigate the predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) scores in long-term survival of patients with stage III squamous lung cancer treated with radical radiotherapy. Methods Clinical data of stage Ⅲ squamous lung cancer patients who underwent radical radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The peripheral hematological indexes one week before radiotherapy were collected and recorded. X-Tile software was applied to determine the best cut-off values for continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 453 patients were included in this study. There were 336 patients in the low SII group (<1 277.3), and other 117 patients were in the high SII group (≥1 277.3). The median OS and median PFS in the high SII group were shorter than those in the low SII group (OS: 20.8 months vs. 31.0 months, Log-rank χ2=18.015, P<0.01; PFS: 13.0 months vs. 21.0 months, Log-rank χ2=15.062, P<0.01).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high SII was associated with OS (HR=1.628, 95%CI: 1.294-2.047, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR=1.559, 95%CI: 1.240-1.961, P < 0.001). Other influencing factors included late TNM stage, poor radiotherapy efficacy and decreased HALP score. Conclusion SII can be used to evaluate the long-term survival of patients with stage III lung squamous cell carcinoma receiving radical radiotherapy, and the increase of SII indicates a poor prognosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of factors affecting depressive disorders after rehabilitation therapy in elderly stroke patients HAN Qin, HAN Xiuli, CHEN Weiran 2024, 52 (6):  639-642.  doi: 10.11958/20231953 Abstract ( 337 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (748KB) ( 79 )   Objective To investigate and analyze factors affecting depressive disorders in elderly stroke patients after rehabilitation treatment. Methods A total of 1 100 elderly stroke patients receiving rehabilitation treatment in the three hospitals (Beijing Electric Power Hospital of State Grid Corporation, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrative Medicine and Beijing Daxing Hospital of Integrative Medicine) were selected as the study subjects. General data were collected, and patients were surveyed using the daily life ability scale (BI), family care scale and social support scale (SSRS), according to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) to determine whether patients developed depressive disorders. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors of depressive disorders in elderly stroke patients after rehabilitation treatment. Results A total of 1 100 survey questionnaires were issued and 1 073 were retrieved, with an effective rate of 97.5%, and among them, 386 cases (36.0%) were diagnosed with depressive disorder, and 687 cases (64.0%) without depressive disorder. There were significant differences in the incidence of depression between patients with different ages, complications, per capita family income, BI score, family caring degree and SSRS score (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (OR=1.337, 95%CI: 1.014-1.763), complication (OR=3.214, 95%CI: 1.365-7.569), lower per capita monthly family income (OR=2.263, 95%CI: 1.137-4.503), lower BI score (OR=1.872, 95%CI: 1.158-3.026), average family caring degree (OR=2.639, 95%CI: 1.200-5.802) and lower SSRS score (OR=1.557, 95%CI: 1.044-2.322) were risk factors for depression in elderly stroke patients after rehabilitation treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion More attention should be given to elderly stroke patients to improve family care and social support, thus reducing the risk of depressive disorders after rehabilitation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological features of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their correlation with inflammatory factors ZHAO Shutong, DING Yun, LI Yuechuan, ZHAO Xiaoyun, GENG Hua, XU Meilin 2024, 52 (6):  643-647.  doi: 10.11958/20231360 Abstract ( 353 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1105KB) ( 78 )   Objective To explore the pathological features of lung tissue in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their association with inflammatory factors. Methods A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for small lung nodule were prospectively included, and were divided into the normal group (n=10), the mild COPD group (n=50) and the moderate and severe COPD group (n=10). The pathological changes of lung tissue were evaluated after HE, Masson and EVG staining. The expression levels of SMA, Actin and CD31 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein and mRNA levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Results Pulmonary tissue in mild COPD showed widening of alveolar septum, dilation of small airways, mild thickening of blood vessel wall and inflammatory reaction dominated by lymphocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that contents of SMA and Actin proteins in mild COPD lung tissue were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). In addition, the TNF-α mRNA and the positive rate of TNF-α in lung tissue of mild COPD were significantly higher than those in the normal group, while the IL-10 mRNA was significantly lower than that of the normal group (all P<0.05). SMA and Actin were positively correlated with the positive expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, but negatively correlated with the positive expression of IL-10 (all P<0.05). Conclusion The main pathological changes of lung tissue in mild COPD include small lung blood vessel remodeling ocharacterized by thickening of small blood vessel smooth muscle layer and lymphocyte-dominated inflammatory response, while the increase of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and decrease of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 are associated with pathological changes of COPD. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between peripheral blood TLR4, IL-1β and NLR and the progression and prognosis of acute pancreatitis YE Zhaoyang, MA Jianzhong, LI Houjun, WEI Kunpeng 2024, 52 (6):  648-652.  doi: 10.11958/20231354 Abstract ( 389 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (819KB) ( 63 )   Objective To study the relationship between peripheral blood Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the progression and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods A total of 250 patients with AP were divided into the mild group (121 cases), the moderately severe group (89 cases) and the severe group (40 cases) according to the disease severity. Patients were divided into the poor prognosis group (33 cases) and the good prognosis group (217 cases) based on the prognosis after 5 days of treatment. Peripheral blood levels of TLR4, IL-1β and NLR were compared at different time points, different conditions and different prognosis in patients. The correlation of peripheral blood levels of TLR4, IL-1β and NLR, Ranson score and amylase were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The value of each indicator in the diagnosis of severe AP was analyzed using ROC curve, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the prognostic risk factors. Results TLR4, IL-1β and NLR levels in AP patients were higher 24 h after admission than 48 h and 72 h after admission (P<0.05). Peripheral blood TLR4 and IL-1β levels in AP patients at 24 h after admission increased with the condition became worse. NLR level was higher in the severe group than that in the moderately group or the mild group (P<0.05). Peripheral blood TLR4, IL-1β and NLR levels in AP patients 24 h after admission were positively correlated with Ranson score at 48 h after admission and amylase level at 24 h after admission (P<0.05). The area under ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of the combination of TLR4, IL-1β and NLR at 24 h after admission for predicting severe AP were 0.895, 84.53% and 81.69%. Peripheral blood TLR4, IL-1β and NLR levels 24 h after admission were higher in the poor prognosis group than those in the good prognosis group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated TLR4, IL-1β and NLR at 24 h after admission were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with AP (P<0.05). Conclusion Peripheral blood TLR4, IL-1β and NLR in patients with AP are closely related to disease progression and prognosis. Therefore, they can be taken as important monitoring indicators. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Applied Research

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The evaluation value of dynamic MRI imaging technology for LARS after anorectal preservation surgery in low rectal cancer GU Cheng, SHEN Xinyu, SUN Jinghua, YAN Saike, WANG Haiping 2024, 52 (6):  653-657.  doi: 10.11958/20231362 Abstract ( 310 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (900KB) ( 71 )   Objective To explore the value of dynamic MRI imaging in investigate the morphologic and dynamic factors of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after anal preservation surgery in patients with low rectal cancer. Methods Thirty-five patients who developed LARS after anal preservation surgery for low rectal cancer were prospectively collected. Subjects were underwent routine MRI and dynamic MRI of pelvis 1 week before and 3 months after surgery respectively. Routine MRI was used as the resting phase, and dynamic MRI was used to obtain the rapture phase and forceful phase. Parameters such as anal rectus angle (ARA), the length of the line connecting lower edge of pubic symphysis to the posterior wall attachment point of puborectal muscle (H-line), the vertical length from posterior wall attachment point of puborectal muscle to pubococcygeal line (M-line), thickness of puborectal muscle, and thickness of internal and external anal sphincter were measured at the three time phases. The differences between preoperative and postoperative, and moderate and severe LARS patients were compared by measuring relevant indicators. Results The preoperative and postoperative ARA, H-line length and M-line length of LARS patients were the smallest in the rapture phase, the largest in the forceful phase, and the middle in the resting phase. The postoperative thickness of puborectalis muscle and internal and external anal sphincter were the largest in the rapture phase, the smallest in the forceful phase, and the middle in the resting phase. There were significant differences between the three phases (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the three phases of postoperative puborectalis muscle thickness and internal and external sphincter thickness (P>0.05). The postoperative ARA was greater than preoperative ARA in LARS patients, and the thickness of puborectalis muscle, the internal anal sphincter (resting phase and rapture phase), and the external anal sphincter were smaller than preoperative ARA, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ARA in resting phase and rapture phase was greater in patients with severe LARS than that of patients with mild LARS, and the thickness of internal anal sphincter in resting phase was less in patients with severe LARS than that of patients with mild LARS (P<0.05). However, the differences between the other indicators were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Dynamic MRI examination technology combines dynamic images with quantitative indicators can be used as an important evaluation basis for LARS patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Value of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound for preoperatively evaluating pathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma LIU Xiaoyan, BU Rui, LU Jianfei, DING Yu, ZHANG Xing 2024, 52 (6):  658-662.  doi: 10.11958/20231409 Abstract ( 323 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1289KB) ( 70 )   Objective To analyze the correlation between the characteristics of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and pathological differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 64 patients with HCC diagnosed pathologically by CEUS examination were included, and a total of 64 lesions were divided into the high, medium and low differentiation groups (6, 48 and 10 cases, respectively) according to the degree of pathological differentiation. The enhancement pattern, enhancement level and enhancement pattern of CEUS arterial stage in HCC with different pathological differentiation were compared. Results The enhancement pattern of arterial phase was divided into the uniform enhancement and the uneven enhancement. All lesions in the low differentiated group and 58.3% in the middle differentiated group showed uneven and high enhancement. In the highly differentiated group, lesions showed homogenous hyperintensification, homogenous isointensification and non-homogenous hyperintensification. At arterial stage, all lesions in the middle and low differentiated groups and 66.7% lesions in the highly differentiated group showed high enhancement, and the enhancement levels of HCC with different differentiation degrees were significantly different (P<0.01). At the portal stage, 16.7%, 25.0% and 70.0% lesions in the high, medium and low differentiated HCC groups subsided to low enhancement, and the enhancement levels of HCC with different differentiation degrees were significantly different (P<0.05). In the delayed stage, 75% lesions in the medium-differentiated group and all lesions in the low-differentiated group showed low enhancement, and 66.7% lesions in the highly differentiated group showed equal enhancement. Enhancement levels of HCC with different differentiation degrees were significantly different (P<0.01). At the Kupffer stage, all lesions in the low differentiated group and 95.8% of the moderately differentiated group showed low enhancement, while 50% lesions in the highly differentiated group still showed equal enhancement, and there were significant differences in the enhancement levels of HCC with different differentiation degrees (P<0.01). The highly differentiated group showed multiple CEUS patterns, the moderately differentiated group mainly showed "fast advance and fast retreat" and "fast advance and slow retreat" patterns, and 90.0% of the low differentiated group showed "fast advance and fast retreat" patterns. There were significant differences in CEUS patterns between HCC with different degrees of differentiation (P<0.01). Conclusion Sonazoid-CEUS has certain value in evaluating the differentiation degree of HCC. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Research progress on the activation of complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease MU Jingran, LUO Yan, LIANG Xuan, XU Tao, ZENG Junwei, LIU Xiaohong 2024, 52 (6):  663-668.  doi: 10.11958/20231554 Abstract ( 396 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (800KB) ( 86 )   Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which is mainly caused by brain lesions. The activation of complement system plays an important role in the process of AD lesions. The activated complement can bind to cell membrane receptors and regulate downstream signals. Therefore, inhibiting complement activation provides a new idea for AD treatment. This article reviews the progress in the mechanism and drug development of complement activation in AD, which may provide a new perspective for the diagnosis, treatment and drug development of AD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status and application of organoid technology in breast cancer research CHEN Zhiyan, WU Qiuyuan, DENG Yuhua, ZHOU Dan 2024, 52 (6):  668-672.  doi: 10.11958/20231745 Abstract ( 345 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (764KB) ( 87 )   Organoids can well simulate the heterogeneity of tumors, including tumor microenvironment and immune response, which helps to more accurately predict patient responses to drug and treatment effects. Organoids can be used for drug screening before drugs enter body, thus reducing the time and cost of clinical trials. However, research on tissue-organoids still faces some challenges, such as technical limitation and ethical issue. This review mainly introduces the progress in the research of breast cancer organoids, including the definition of organoids, development history, advantages and application in breast cancer research. References | Related Articles | Metrics