Tianjin Medical Journal ›› 2023, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 171-175.doi: 10.11958/20220995
• Clinical Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHOU Huijuan1(), ZOU Shengyi1, WU Jiang2, HU Yukun2, XU Ying2,△(
)
Received:
2022-06-26
Revised:
2022-09-08
Published:
2023-02-15
Online:
2023-02-24
Contact:
△E-mail:ZHOU Huijuan, ZOU Shengyi, WU Jiang, HU Yukun, XU Ying. The effects of insulin injection related lipohypertrophy on short-term glycemic variability in patients with diabetes[J]. Tianjin Medical Journal, 2023, 51(2): 171-175.
CLC Number:
临床特征 | T1DM(n=52) | T2DM(n=180) |
---|---|---|
性别 | ||
男 | 36(69.2) | 88(48.9) |
女 | 16(30.8) | 92(51.1) |
年龄(岁) | 49.31±16.90 | 61.42±15.48 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 20.15±2.39 | 22.79±3.19 |
糖尿病病程(年) | 3(2,10) | 15(8,20) |
糖化血红蛋白(%) | 9.61±2.12 | 8.85±2.21 |
糖尿病并发症 | ||
大血管并发症 | 28(53.8) | 136(75.6) |
微血管并发症 | 24(46.2) | 124(68.9) |
本次住院时间(d) | 6.00±1.05 | 6.49±1.71 |
既往胰岛素使用年限(年) | 3(2,6) | 6(4,10) |
注射针头使用次数 | ||
1次 | 0 | 8(4.4) |
2~5次 | 24(46.2) | 72(40.0) |
>5次 | 16(30.8) | 88(48.9) |
不固定次数 | 12(23.1) | 12(6.7) |
LH | 30(57.7) | 112(62.2) |
Tab.1 糖尿病一般临床特征在T1DM和T2DM患者中的占比
临床特征 | T1DM(n=52) | T2DM(n=180) |
---|---|---|
性别 | ||
男 | 36(69.2) | 88(48.9) |
女 | 16(30.8) | 92(51.1) |
年龄(岁) | 49.31±16.90 | 61.42±15.48 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 20.15±2.39 | 22.79±3.19 |
糖尿病病程(年) | 3(2,10) | 15(8,20) |
糖化血红蛋白(%) | 9.61±2.12 | 8.85±2.21 |
糖尿病并发症 | ||
大血管并发症 | 28(53.8) | 136(75.6) |
微血管并发症 | 24(46.2) | 124(68.9) |
本次住院时间(d) | 6.00±1.05 | 6.49±1.71 |
既往胰岛素使用年限(年) | 3(2,6) | 6(4,10) |
注射针头使用次数 | ||
1次 | 0 | 8(4.4) |
2~5次 | 24(46.2) | 72(40.0) |
>5次 | 16(30.8) | 88(48.9) |
不固定次数 | 12(23.1) | 12(6.7) |
LH | 30(57.7) | 112(62.2) |
组别 | n | SD(mmol/L) | LAGE(mmol/L) | MAGE(mmol/L) | MODD(mmol/L) | CV(%) | LI[(mmol/L)2/min] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无LH组 | 22 | 2.18(1.68,2.79) | 7.77(6.66,10.05) | 4.26(0.00,6.52) | 2.62(2.02,4.22) | 21.88(14.58,43.17) | 1.28(0.69,1.86) | ||||||
LH组 | 30 | 2.08(1.61,2.99) | 8.49(6.44,9.10) | 5.01(4.05,8.55) | 2.48(1.82,3.44) | 24.40(18.58,36.41) | 1.40(0.97,1.63) | ||||||
Z | 0.475 | 0.777 | 1.382* | 1.058 | 0.972 | 0.907 | |||||||
组别 | J 指数(mmol/L) | M值(%) | CONGAn_1 h(mmol/L) | CONGAn_4 h(mmol/L) | GRADE | ADRR | |||||||
无LH组 | 41.73(32.75,65.40) | 29.22(17.07,48.32) | 1.31(0.95,1.79) | 2.78(2.05,3.73) | 9.57(5.81,12.83) | 1.32(1.27,1.86) | |||||||
LH组 | 40.75(29.51,47.32) | 22.70(12.54,30.54) | 1.40(1.08,1.65) | 2.78(2.54,3.23) | 7.54(3.99,9.78) | 1.32(1.21,1.71) | |||||||
Z | 0.820 | 0.993 | 0.756 | 0.907 | 1.080 | 0.820 |
Tab.2 T1DM患者中LH组与无LH组CGMS结果比较 M[(P25,P75)]
组别 | n | SD(mmol/L) | LAGE(mmol/L) | MAGE(mmol/L) | MODD(mmol/L) | CV(%) | LI[(mmol/L)2/min] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无LH组 | 22 | 2.18(1.68,2.79) | 7.77(6.66,10.05) | 4.26(0.00,6.52) | 2.62(2.02,4.22) | 21.88(14.58,43.17) | 1.28(0.69,1.86) | ||||||
LH组 | 30 | 2.08(1.61,2.99) | 8.49(6.44,9.10) | 5.01(4.05,8.55) | 2.48(1.82,3.44) | 24.40(18.58,36.41) | 1.40(0.97,1.63) | ||||||
Z | 0.475 | 0.777 | 1.382* | 1.058 | 0.972 | 0.907 | |||||||
组别 | J 指数(mmol/L) | M值(%) | CONGAn_1 h(mmol/L) | CONGAn_4 h(mmol/L) | GRADE | ADRR | |||||||
无LH组 | 41.73(32.75,65.40) | 29.22(17.07,48.32) | 1.31(0.95,1.79) | 2.78(2.05,3.73) | 9.57(5.81,12.83) | 1.32(1.27,1.86) | |||||||
LH组 | 40.75(29.51,47.32) | 22.70(12.54,30.54) | 1.40(1.08,1.65) | 2.78(2.54,3.23) | 7.54(3.99,9.78) | 1.32(1.21,1.71) | |||||||
Z | 0.820 | 0.993 | 0.756 | 0.907 | 1.080 | 0.820 |
组别 | J指数(mmol/L) | M值(%) | CONGAn_1h (mmol/L) | CONGAn_4h (mmol/L) | GRADE | ADRR | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无LH组 | 31.56(26.00,46.83) | 17.20(8.41,29.44) | 1.08(0.64,1.29) | 1.80(1.05,2.55) | 7.47(3.99,9.57) | 1.11(0.87,1.48) | |||||||
LH组 | 46.06(30.59,66.05) | 31.05(14.54,50.19) | 1.34(1.07,2.01) | 2.67(1.94,4.14) | 8.31(5.64,13.14) | 1.59(1.13,1.97) | |||||||
Z | 2.255** | 2.405** | 2.542** | 2.309** | 1.783** | 2.036** | |||||||
组别 | n | SD(mmol/L) | LAGE(mmol/L) | MAGE (mmol/L) | MODD (mmol/L) | CV(%) | LI[(mmol/L)2/min] | ||||||
无LH组 | 68 | 1.29(0.86,1.89) | 5.88(3.94,7.88) | 2.70(1.30,3.90) | 1.45(1.05,2.19) | 16.23(10.35,18.84) | 0.93(0.35,1.25) | ||||||
LH组 | 112 | 1.91(1.44,3.00) | 8.02(5.91,11.35) | 4.98(3.30,7.86) | 2.40(1.74,3.13) | 20.18(15.38,31.85) | 1.53(0.83,2.62) | ||||||
Z | 2.364** | 2.016** | 3.109** | 2.590** | 2.610** | 2.494** |
Tab.3 T2DM患者中LH组与无LH组CGMS结果比较 M[(P25,P75)]
组别 | J指数(mmol/L) | M值(%) | CONGAn_1h (mmol/L) | CONGAn_4h (mmol/L) | GRADE | ADRR | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无LH组 | 31.56(26.00,46.83) | 17.20(8.41,29.44) | 1.08(0.64,1.29) | 1.80(1.05,2.55) | 7.47(3.99,9.57) | 1.11(0.87,1.48) | |||||||
LH组 | 46.06(30.59,66.05) | 31.05(14.54,50.19) | 1.34(1.07,2.01) | 2.67(1.94,4.14) | 8.31(5.64,13.14) | 1.59(1.13,1.97) | |||||||
Z | 2.255** | 2.405** | 2.542** | 2.309** | 1.783** | 2.036** | |||||||
组别 | n | SD(mmol/L) | LAGE(mmol/L) | MAGE (mmol/L) | MODD (mmol/L) | CV(%) | LI[(mmol/L)2/min] | ||||||
无LH组 | 68 | 1.29(0.86,1.89) | 5.88(3.94,7.88) | 2.70(1.30,3.90) | 1.45(1.05,2.19) | 16.23(10.35,18.84) | 0.93(0.35,1.25) | ||||||
LH组 | 112 | 1.91(1.44,3.00) | 8.02(5.91,11.35) | 4.98(3.30,7.86) | 2.40(1.74,3.13) | 20.18(15.38,31.85) | 1.53(0.83,2.62) | ||||||
Z | 2.364** | 2.016** | 3.109** | 2.590** | 2.610** | 2.494** |
指标 | T1DM | T2DM | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR | OR 95%CI | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR | OR 95%CI | |
LH | 1.689 | 0.687 | 6.050 | 0.014 | 5.147 | 1.409~20.816 | 1.689 | 0.346 | 23.821 | <0.001 | 5.417 | 2.748~10.675 |
性别 | 0.742 | 0.654 | 1.288 | 0.256 | 2.100 | 0.583~7.563 | -0.182 | 0.299 | 0.372 | 0.542 | 0.833 | 0.464~1.497 |
BMI | -0.344 | 0.150 | 5.261 | 0.022 | 0.709 | 0.529~0.951 | 0.015 | 0.047 | 0.103 | 0.749 | 0.985 | 0.898~1.080 |
年龄 | 0.012 | 0.018 | 0.408 | 0.523 | 1.012 | 0.976~1.049 | 0.022 | 0.010 | 4.589 | 0.032 | 1.022 | 1.002~1.043 |
糖尿病病程 | -0.070 | 0.041 | 2.827 | 0.093 | 0.933 | 0.860~1.012 | -0.046 | 0.021 | 4.852 | 0.028 | 0.955 | 0.916~0.995 |
胰岛素使用年限 | -0.130 | 0.066 | 3.839 | 0.050 | 0.878 | 0.771~1.000 | -0.104 | 0.037 | 7.863 | 0.005 | 0.901 | 0.838~0.969 |
Tab.4 糖尿病患者血糖波动的单因素Logistic回归分析结果
指标 | T1DM | T2DM | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR | OR 95%CI | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR | OR 95%CI | |
LH | 1.689 | 0.687 | 6.050 | 0.014 | 5.147 | 1.409~20.816 | 1.689 | 0.346 | 23.821 | <0.001 | 5.417 | 2.748~10.675 |
性别 | 0.742 | 0.654 | 1.288 | 0.256 | 2.100 | 0.583~7.563 | -0.182 | 0.299 | 0.372 | 0.542 | 0.833 | 0.464~1.497 |
BMI | -0.344 | 0.150 | 5.261 | 0.022 | 0.709 | 0.529~0.951 | 0.015 | 0.047 | 0.103 | 0.749 | 0.985 | 0.898~1.080 |
年龄 | 0.012 | 0.018 | 0.408 | 0.523 | 1.012 | 0.976~1.049 | 0.022 | 0.010 | 4.589 | 0.032 | 1.022 | 1.002~1.043 |
糖尿病病程 | -0.070 | 0.041 | 2.827 | 0.093 | 0.933 | 0.860~1.012 | -0.046 | 0.021 | 4.852 | 0.028 | 0.955 | 0.916~0.995 |
胰岛素使用年限 | -0.130 | 0.066 | 3.839 | 0.050 | 0.878 | 0.771~1.000 | -0.104 | 0.037 | 7.863 | 0.005 | 0.901 | 0.838~0.969 |
指标 | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR | OR 95%CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1DM | BMI | -0.316 | 0.158 | 3.991 | 0.046 | 0.729 | 0.534~0.994 |
LH | 1.540 | 0.722 | 4.552 | 0.033 | 4.665 | 1.134~19.200 | |
常数项 | 6.768 | 3.327 | 4.138 | 0.042 | 869.265 | ||
T2DM | 胰岛素使 用年限 | -0.134 | 0.040 | 11.338 | 0.001 | 0.875 | 0.809~0.946 |
LH | 1.896 | 0.366 | 26.789 | <0.001 | 6.659 | 3.248~13.654 | |
常数项 | -0.383 | 0.362 | 1.120 | 0.290 | 0.682 |
Tab.5 糖尿病患者血糖波动的多因素Logistic回归分析结果
指标 | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR | OR 95%CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1DM | BMI | -0.316 | 0.158 | 3.991 | 0.046 | 0.729 | 0.534~0.994 |
LH | 1.540 | 0.722 | 4.552 | 0.033 | 4.665 | 1.134~19.200 | |
常数项 | 6.768 | 3.327 | 4.138 | 0.042 | 869.265 | ||
T2DM | 胰岛素使 用年限 | -0.134 | 0.040 | 11.338 | 0.001 | 0.875 | 0.809~0.946 |
LH | 1.896 | 0.366 | 26.789 | <0.001 | 6.659 | 3.248~13.654 | |
常数项 | -0.383 | 0.362 | 1.120 | 0.290 | 0.682 |
[1] | 高杰, 安振梅, 李双庆. 动态血糖监测系统血糖波动评估参数及其临床应用[J]. 国际内分泌代谢杂志, 2011, 31(1):13-15. |
GAO J, AN Z H, LI S Q. Evaluation and clinical application of measures of glycemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring[J]. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011, 31(1):13-15. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4157.2011.01.004. | |
[2] | JI J, LOU Q. Insulin pen injection technique survey in patients with type 2 diabetes in mainland China in 2010[J]. Curr Med Res Opin, 2014, 30(6):1087-1093. doi:10.1185/03007995.2014.895711. |
[3] | 中华医学会糖尿病学分会. 中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2018, 10(1):4-67. |
Chinese Diabetes Society. Guidelines for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes in China (2017 Edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2018, 10(1):4-67. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-5809.2018.01.003. | |
[4] | 中华医学会糖尿病学分会. 胰岛素注射相关皮下脂肪增生防治中国专家共识[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2021, 13(12):1115-1122. |
Chinese Diabetes Society. Chinese expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of insulin injection-related subcutaneous fat hyperplasia[J]. Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2021, 13(12):1115-1122. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20211102-00601. | |
[5] | 纪立农, 孙子林, 李启富, 等. 中国四城市糖尿病患者胰岛素注射相关皮下脂肪增生的横断面研究[J]. 中国糖尿病杂志, 2019, 27(10):721-727. |
JI L N, SUN Z L, LI Q F, et al. Cross-sectional study of insulin injection-related lipohypertrophy in diabetic patients in four cities in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 2019, 27(10):721-727. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6187.2019.10.001. | |
[6] | FAMULLA S, HÖVELMANN U, FISCHER A, et al. Insulin injection into lipohypertrophic tissue:Blunted and more variable insulin absorption and action and impaired postprandial glucose control[J]. Diabetes Care, 2016, 39(9):1486-1492. doi:10.2337/dc16-0610. |
[7] | OVERLAND J, MOLYNEAUX L, TEWARI S, et al. Lipohypertrophy:Does it matter in daily life? A study using a continuous glucose monitoring system[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2009, 11(5):460-463. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00972.x. |
[8] | ALBERTI K G, ZIMMET P Z. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1:diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation[J]. Diabet Med, 1998, 15(7):539-553. |
[9] | ZHOU J, LI H, RAN X, et al. Establishment of normal reference ranges for glycemic variability in Chinese subjects using continuous glucose monitoring[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2011, 17(1):CR9-13. doi:10.12659/msm.881318. |
[10] | 管晓东, 马莉莉, 王国英, 等. 中国2型糖尿病患者胰岛素注射笔用针头重复使用的影响因素研究[J]. 中国药学(英文版), 2018, 27(1):51-58. |
GUAN X D, MA L L, WANG G Y, et al. An analysis on the factors associated with reuse of insulin pen needles in type 2 diabetic patients in China[J]. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 27(1):51-58. doi:10.5246/jcps.2018.01.006. | |
[11] | 连丽虹, 付静羚, 冯龙艳. 糖尿病胰岛素注射患者皮下脂肪增生现状与相关因素调查[J]. 护理实践与研究, 2018, 15(7):18-20. |
LIAN L H, FU J L, FENG L Y. Investigation the status of subcutaneous fat hyperplasia and related factors in diabetic insulin injection patients[J]. Nursing Practice and Research, 2018, 15(7):18-20. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9676.2018.07.007. | |
[12] | 中华医学会糖尿病学分会. 中国持续葡萄糖监测临床应用指南(2017年版)[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2017, 9(11):667-675. |
Chinese Diabetes Society. Guidelines for clinical application of continuous glucose monitoring in China(2017 Edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2017, 9(11):667-675. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-5809.2017.11.002. | |
[13] | 徐敏. 短期胰岛素泵治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者血糖波动及超敏C-反应蛋白水平的影响[J]. 护理实践与研究, 2020, 17(10):52-54. |
XU M. Effect of applying short-term insulin pump therapy for blood glucose fluctuation and hypersensitive C-reactive protein level in newly diag-nosed type 2 diabetes[J]. Nursing Practice and Research, 2020, 17(10):52-54. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9676.2020.10.019. | |
[14] | 刘芷谷, 姚斌, 林倍思, 等. 自我血糖监测中血糖波动指标与平均血糖波动幅度的相关性研究[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2021, 13(5):476-481. |
LIU Z G, YAO B, LIN B S, et al. Correlation between glycemic variability indices calculated by self-monitoring of blood glucose and mean amplitude of glycemicexcursion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2021, 13(5):476-481. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20200724-00458. | |
[15] | GENTILE S, AGRUSTA M, GUARINO G, et al. Metabolic consequences of incorrect insulin administration techniques in aging subjects with diabetes[J]. Acta Diabetol, 2011, 48(2):121-125. doi:10.1007/s00592-009-0172-x. |
[16] | BLANCO M, HERNÁNDEZ M T, STRAUSS K W, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of lipohypertrophy in insulin-injecting patients with diabetes[J]. Diabetes Metab, 2013, 39(5):445-453. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2013.05.006. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||