Abstract: Abstract   Objective    To investigate the role and clinical significance of RANTES in endometriosis. Methods   The level of RANTES was examined by ELISA in serum of 50 patients with endometriosis(EM group), 32 patients with benign ovarian neoplasms (disease control group) and 30 normal control women (normal control group), and the level of RANTES was examined in peritoneal fluid in EM group and disease control group. Results   The level of RANTES in serum (108.73±60.69 ng/L) was more significantly increased in EM group than disease group(31.26±20.33 ng/L) and normal group(29.77±11.58 ng/L)( P<0.05).The level of RANTES in peritoneal fluid (726.31±259.83 ng/L )was more significantly increased than disease group(116.19±81.64 ng/L)( P<0.05). The level of RANTES in serum in EM group was positively correlated with clinical stage (rs=0.501，P<0.01). The level of RANTES in peritoneal fluid in EM group was positively correlated with clinical stage (rs=0.562，P<0.01). The level of RANTES in peritoneal fluid in EM group was positively correlated with dysmenorrhea score(rs=0.527，P<0.01). The level of RANTES in EM group in serum was positively correlated in peritoneal fluid (rs=0.363，P<0.05). The level of RANTES in serum and peritoneal fluid in EM group was positively correlated with inflammatory response degree respectively in endometriosic tissues(rs=0.326，P<0.05; rs=0.391，P<0.01). Conclusion  RANTES plays an important role in endometriosis. The level of RANTES in serum in endometriosis patients is helpful to evaluate the disease degree and may be one of parameters for understanding the endometriosis.RANTES may be as an inflammatory response marker.

Key words: Endometriosis, chemotactic factors, chemokine CCL5, Serum, inflammation, immunity, Dysmenorrhea, RANTES