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15 June 2015, Volume 43 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells develop resistant against Cisplatin through upregulating SOD LIN Bihua1, CHEN Jing2, GUO Chunlian3, YU Haibo4, ZHANG Xin5, ZHOU Keyuan1,5 2015, 43 (6):  577-580.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.001 Abstract ( 804 )   PDF (458KB) ( 4042 )   Objective To investigate the way that nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and NPC stem cells develops resistance to cisplatin through anti-reactive oxygen species mechanism. Methods Using CCK-8 cell counting kit, we measured the half inhibitory concentration of cisplatin against NPC cells "CNE-2" and NPC stem cells "CNE-2S", and compared their resistant index. We examined the differences in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, total glutathione (GSH) levels, and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between CNE-2 and CNE-2S at different concentrations of cisplatin administration (0.1,0.5 and 1.0μmol·L-1). Using q-PCR, we determined the mRNA expression level of GSS,GCLC, GCLM, SOD1 and SOD2 after 48 hours administration of cisplatin at 1 μmol·L- 1. Protein expression level of SOD2 was also tested using Western Blot after 48 hours administration of cisplatin at 1 μmol·L- 1. Upon silencing the SOD2 in NPC cell through siRNA, Trypan blue was used to analyze cell survival after cisplatin was administrated at 1 μmol · L- 1. Results The inhibition concentration of cisplatin against CNE- 2 was higher than that against CNE- 2S（μmol·L-1： 9.8±1.1 vs 2.4±0.6， P＜0.05） . ROS levels in CNE-2 and CNE-2S both rise with cisplatin administration, but ROS levels of CNE-2 before and after cisplatin treatment were both higher than those in CNE-2S (P< 0.05). The total glutathione levels in CNE-2 and CNE-2S were both increased after 1 μmol·L-1 cisplatin treatment but there is no significant difference in levels of glutathione between these two cell lines. After treated with cisplatin, SOD level were increased in both CNE-2S and CNE-2, but it is higher in CNE-2S than that in CNE-2 (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of GSS, GCLC, GCLM,and SOD1 were not different significantly between in CNE-2 and in CNE-2S with or without cisplatin treatment. However,SOD2 in CNE-2S were higher than that in CNE-2 on both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). Silenced SOD2 disrupted the resistance of cisplatin in CNE-2S. Conclusion These data suggest that NPC stem cells (CNE-2S) enhance its drug resistance to cisplatin through highly expression of SOD2 which posed anti-ROS capacity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of poly asparagine derivatives and its cytotoxicity study YANG Cuihong1, HAN Jinghua2, LIU Jinjian1, ZHANG Yumin1, GAO Honglin1, DONG Wenhui2, WANG Yanming2 2015, 43 (6):  582-586.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.002 Abstract ( 759 )   PDF (681KB) ( 4244 )   Objective To synthesize poly asparagine derivatives and to evaluate its safety at the cellular level, which provide research platform for its potential application as drug carrier. Methods Polysuccinimide was synthesized by thermal polymerization of L-polyaspartic acid, and the target product of PSI-Phe-EA was obtained by the ring-opening reaction of polysuccinimide using L- phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride and ethanol amine. The structure of PSI- Phe- EA were characterized by 1H NMR. The rate of ring-opening of PSI was calculated by internal standard method of 1H NMR. The change of hydrophilicity was studied by the comparison of solubility. The cytotoxicity and morphology modification by PSIPhe-EA at designate concentrations was investigated by MTT method and inverted microscopy respectively. The effects on cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results 1H NMR results confirmed the structure of PSI-Phe-EA and the ring-openning rate of PSI was 40%. The hydrophilicity of PSI-Phe-EA was greatly increased upon ring opening using ethanol amine. MTT test showed that the cell survival rates of NIH 3T3 and HepG2 cells were higher than 80% under the examined concentration (<100 mg/L). Inverted microscopy showed that 50 mg/L of PSI-PheEA treatment had no adverse effects on cell morphology. Cell cycle analysis indicated that PSI-Phe-EA treatment had no influence on cell cycles of NIH 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines. Conclusion PSI-Phe-EA showed high hydrophilicity without significant effects on the cells survival, cells morphology and cell cycles. It is a kind of safe polymer material. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of ecdysterone on rabbits chondrocytes that is injured by lipopolysaccharide WANG Gangtao, ZHANG Xuhui, ZHANG Weidong, XIA Lei 2015, 43 (6):  587-590.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.003 Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (897KB) ( 4842 )   Objective To study the effect of ecdysterone (EDS) on rabbits chondrocytes that is injuried by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Aricular chondrocytes were isolated from rabbits and randomly divided into three groups: control group; chondrocytes with LPS induced injury (LPS group); injury chondrocytes treated with EDS (LPS+EDS group). The cell proliferation and cell apoptosis of chondrocytes were determined by MTT method and flow cytometry assay respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by RT-PCR and western blot.In addition, the content of NO and IL-1β were measured by nitric acid reductase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Results Attenuated proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, iNOS, NO and IL-1β were seen in LPS group , but all these changes were significantly reversed by EDS treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ecdysterone exhibited a protective effect on LPS induced rabbits chondrocytes injury through inhibiting the expression of iNOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of silencing Gab1 expression on cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1 and its#br# correlation with PI3K/Akt pathway YAO Xu, TIAN Zhong, LIU Yuan 2015, 43 (6):  590-594.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.004 Abstract ( 934 )   PDF (995KB) ( 4289 )   Objective To explore the functionalternation of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1 by silencing Gab1 expression; to detect its effect on PI3KCA and Akt1 expression at protein and mRNA levels and to explore the roleof Gab1， PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions in the malignant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Gab1 siRNA was trans⁃fected into cholangiocarcinoma cell line HUCCA-1. Proliferation, apoptosis, migration/ invasion of cells were examined byMTT, flow cytometry and Transwell assay respectively after transfection. PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions were detected by Western blotting and qPCR. Results Transfection efficiency was satisfactory and reaches 65%～70%； PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions were down- regulated at both protein and mRNA levels upon silencing of Gab1. Meanwhile, proliferations of HUCCA-1 cells were inhibited (P < 0.01） ;apoptosis rate increases（P < 0.05）; and migration and invasion were both inhibited upon Gab1 silencing（P < 0.05） . Conclusion The proliferation, migration and invasion are all inhibited while apoptosis is attenuated after Gab1 was down-regulated by Gab1 siRNA transfection. PI3KCA and Akt1 expressions are up-regulated with down-regulation of Gab1. Therefore, Gab1 may enhance the maglinant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma cells through upregulating PI3KCA and Akt1 expression and it can be used as a candidate for cholangiocarcinoma therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Apelin-13 promote mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton’ s jelly to differentiate into#br# vascular networks GAO Yanlin1, CHEN Houliang2, ZHANG Ningkun2, GAO Lianru2, ZHU Zhiming1 2015, 43 (6):  595-598.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.005 Abstract ( 565 )   PDF (1057KB) ( 3764 )   Objective To explore the role of apelin-13 in regulating stem cell differentiation into vascular net. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human umbilical Wharton’ s jelly using tissue adherence method．Their immunophenotypes were detected by flow cytometry . Passage 3 of WJ-MSCs (Wharton’ s jelly-mesenchymal stem cells)were inoculated in 4 flasks, denoted as A1, A2, A3, A4 group. Twenty μL of apelin-13 at concentrations of 0, 1×10－6, 10 ×10－6 and 100 ×10－6 mol/L were added to A1, A2, A3 and A4 respectively each day. After being induced for 7 days, cell morphology and viability were observed under inverted microscope. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) was examined by immunofluorescence and CD31 was identified by flow cytometry. Upon incubating with three dimensional culture medium of hydrogel,those cultured A1, A2, A3 and A4 were renumbered as S1, S2, S3, S4. Again, twenty μL of apelin-13 at concentrations of 0,1×10－6, 10 ×10－6and 100 ×10－6 mol/L were used to treat S1, S2, S3 and S4 respectively. After 7 days, cell morphology, viability and vas -like networks were observed with inverted microscope. Results Our study showed that WJ-MSCs can be induced by apelin 13 to differentiate into endothelial cells lineage indicated by positive of vWF staining. Moreover, CD31 expression increases significantly upon apelin-13 addition in a dosage dependent manner. The endothelial cells line formed vas like networks when cultured with three-dimensional medium containing hydrogel. Conclusion This study demonstrated that apelin-13 could promote human umbilical cord-MSCs to differentiate into endothelium lineage then to form vascular networks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cultured cardiomyocytes identificaiton and different methods of extracting β3-AR membrane#br# protein comparison MA Miaomiao1, HU Xiaofang1, ZHU Xiaoli1, WANG Li1, MA Yitong2, YANG Yining2, CHEN Bangdang2 2015, 43 (6):  599-602.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.006 Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (564KB) ( 3813 )   Objective To optimize primary cultures techniques of isolating neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and to compare three different methods of extracting β3-adrenergic receptor（β3-AR）membrane protein from cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Methods TypeⅡ collagen and differential velocity adhesion were used to collect primary cardiomyocytes. Total protein method, ultracentrifugation method, extract kit method were used to isolate cardiomyocytes β3-AR membrane proteins. The BCA method was applied for protein quantification. Relative content of β3-AR membrane protein and GADPH in the sample were examined by western blot. Results Optimizing culture and isolation skills can produce a great quantity of cardiomyocytes in high concentration.The kit method acquired a higher level of protein concentration（8.26±0.29） g/L than total protein method（5.12±0.47） g/L does than ultracentrifugation method（3.20±0.37） g/L does all of which were with significant difference（P < 0.05） . The concentration of β3-AR membrane protein was higher if obtained by kit method（0.22±0.05）than ultracentrifugation method（0.09±0.03）than total protein method (0.01±0.01) with significant difference（P <0.05） . Conclusion optimizing methodology can obtain abundant myocardial cells in high concentraion. The kit method ofisolating primary cultured β3-AR membrane proteins result in improved concentration and specificity of membrane protein. Related Articles | Metrics

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Manufacture and evaluation of integrated biphasic silk fibroin scaffold made by annulus fibrosus-nucleus pulposus tissue engineering DU Lilong1,2， XU Baoshan2， YANG Qiang2， MA Xinlong2， LI Xiulan， ZHANG Yang2， GUO Yue2， 2015, 43 (6):  603-606.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.007 Abstract ( 565 )   PDF (868KB) ( 3821 )   Objective To assess the prospect of integrated biphasic silk fibroin scaffold made by annulus fibrosus-nucleus pulposus tissue engineering in application as integrated intervertebral disc（IVD） . Methods An integrated annulus fibrosus-nucleus pulposus（AF-NP）biphasic scaffold was made by silk fibroin using two different uncomplicated methods which were paraffin spheres-leaching method（outer AF phase）and phase separation method（inner NP phase） . The scaffold was investigated by general observation, stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） . Its pore size, porosity, and compressive elastic modulus were determined. AF and NP cells were isolated from rabbit IVD and seeded into the corresponding phase of the scaffold respectively. The cell-scaffold complex was cultured for 48 hours. The biocompatibility of the scaffold was evaluated by SEM, live/dead staining while CCK- 8 assay was used to assess cell proliferation. Results Stereomicroscope and SEM showed that AF phase and NP phase integrated perfectly without cross-linking. Both phases possessed highly interconnected porous structure [pore size of AF and NP phase were（220.0±23.1） μm and（90.0±17.8） μm, respectively] and highly porosity（AF and NP phase were respectively 91% and 93%） . In addition, this silk biphasic scaffold had impressive mechanical properties（150.7±6.8） kPa. SEM revealed that disc cells attached to regions of pore walls, distributed uniformly and secreted extracellular matrix. Live/Dead staining and cell count kit-8（CCK-8）analysis showed that the silk composite scaffold was non-cytotoxic to disc cells. Conclusion This silk biphasic AF-NP scaffold has satisfied pore size, porosity, biomechanical properties and biocompatibility, so it is ideal candidate for IVD tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection role of taurine transporter in rats brain edema followed severe traumatic head injury CAI Ying, HUANG Huiling, FAN Weijia, WU Qiaoli, LI Xiaoqian, SU Yanhua, WEN Xiaochang 2015, 43 (6):  607-610.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.008 Abstract ( 722 )   PDF (428KB) ( 3828 )   Objective To investigate the effect of taurine transporter in the process of protection of brain edema in rats with severe traumatic head injury. Methods A total of 24 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.Except the control rats (Group Sham), all other three groups were subjected to lateral fluid percussion head injury. The TBI(Traumatic brain injury) models (Group TBI) and surgical control rats (Group Sham) were injected with saline through caudal vein after surgery, while the Taurine prevention and Taurine treatment models (Group Pre Tau and Group Tau) were injected with 120 g/L taurine solution before or after surgeries respectively. Water content in each brain, mRNA and protein expression of aquaporin 4 and taurine transporter in the injured rat brain hemispheres were all evaluated over the time course of the study (7 d) in each group. Results Compared with rats in Group Sham, water content in each brain increase, mRNA transcription and protein expression of AQP4 were both up regulated but the mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT were both down-regulated in rats in TBI group. Compared with rats in TBI group, brain water content, mRNA transcriptionand protein expression of AQP4 all decrease while mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT all increase in rats in Pre tau and Tau groups. There is no statistical difference of TauT expression between rats in pre-tau group and Tau group.Conclusion Taurine exert its neuron protection role through draining water content from brain and down regulating expression of AQP4 but rising expression of TauT after TBI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and explore its role in#br# immunomodulation ZHANG Zhiqiang, LIU Yi, LI Keqiu, LI Guang 2015, 43 (6):  611-615.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.009 Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (1020KB) ( 3966 )   Objective To explore the immunomodulation property of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after they are isolated, cultured and identified by surface marker and differentiation potential examination. Methods BMSCs were isolated from femur and tibia of SD rats and passaged by trypsinization. The surface markers of the 3rd passage BMSCs were detected by flow cytometry and the capacity of their adipocyte and cartilage differentiation were examined. In order to explore the immunomodulation property of BMSCs, allogeneic spleen T cells of Wistar rats were co-cultured with BMSCs through either cell-to-cell contact or transwell, then its effect on the T cell subsets and related mechanism was also examined. Results BMSCs were mainly spindle-shaped in culture. Surface marker detection showed that BMSCs expressed high levels of CD29, CD44 and CD90 but no CD34 nor CD45 at the third generation. Under specific condition, BMSCs could differentiate into adipocytes and chondrocytes. The CD8+ effector T cells (Teffs) decreases effectively and the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased remarkably when BMSCs were co-cultured with allogeneic spleen T cells for 48 hours. The expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 of BMSCs significantly increased after co-culture with T cells, and this effect was more obvious in cell-to-cell contact group. Conclusion The immunomodulation property of BMSCs were presumably function through cell-to-cell contacts and cytokine secretion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Using bioinformatics to analyze the effect of age on fracture healing WANG Shunyi, LI Hui, HU Changqing, REN Dongliang, MA Weisong, LI Weifeng, YU Tao 2015, 43 (6):  616-619.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.010 Abstract ( 725 )   PDF (1428KB) ( 4117 )   Objective To explore the effect of age on the fracture healing through bioinformatical analysis of gene expression data in GEO, and to screen critical molecular targets and pathways involved in this process. Methods Through R programming language, we identified different expressed genes between 26/52 week old rats and 6 week old rats in every time points of the experiment (No fracture; 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after fracture). By comparison of these different expressed genes, those genes that may contribute to fracture healing were identified. Function annotation was conducted based on DAVID database and PPI network that was constructed via STRING database. Results Compared with 6 week old rat, 52 week old rat show more different genes at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after fracture as well as more than intact rats.At the time point of 6 weeks after fracture, 26 week old rat present 4 different genes while 52 week old rat present 99 different genes compared with 6 week old rat. We totally found 99 genes that might play important roles in the process of fracture healing. These genes involved in biological process related to bone healing, immune, inflammatory and etc. Also, two screened gene enriched KEGG pathways were identified: ECM- receptor interaction and Arachidonic acid metabolism.Through the analysis of PPI network, Pcna, Fn1, Casp3 and etc, who present high density connectivity in PPI network, were screened out. Conclusion Pcna, Casp3 and Fn1 and etc might play important roles in fracture healing through affecting ECM-receptor interaction and Arachidonic acid metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship of serum levels of homocysteine， cystain-C and serum uric acid with carotid atherosclerosis in H-type hypertension patients XIE Ting, HE Xueshu, YANG Xiheng, DAI Rixin, MO Xinling 2015, 43 (6):  620-623.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.011 Abstract ( 802 )   PDF (331KB) ( 4019 )   Objective To investigate the relationship of serum levels of homocysteine, cystain C and uric acid with carotid atherosclerosis in H-type hypertension patients. Methods A total of 132 H-type hypertension patients were collected to be studied. Their carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by Doppler ultrasonography. And according to the result of carotid artery atherosclerosis, all patients were divided into normal cIMT group (n=40)， thickened cIMT group (n=43) and plague formation group (n=49). Their serum Hcy, Cyst-C, UA, blood glucose, blood lipid, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were compared among three group and their relationship with cIMT were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to screen risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis. Results There was no significant difference in serum levels of blood glucose， blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum creatinine (Scr), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lippprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) among these three groups (P > 0.05). The level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) in thickened cIMT group was higher than that in plague formation group, and lower than normal cIMT group, while both serum levels of Cyst-c and UA were lower in thickened cIMT group than those in plague formation group but higher than those in normal cIMT group (P < 0.05). In addition, serum level of Hcy in normal cIMT group was higher than that in thickened cIMT group and plague formation group. The cIMT grade was positively correlated with serum levels of Hcy, Cyst-C and UA (r=0.26,0.30, 0.23, P < 0.05), but was negative correlated with HDL-c（r=-0.38, P < 0.05). Further more, Logistic regression analysis showed that Hcy， Cyst-C and UA were independent risk factors for cIMT. Conclusion Serum levels of Hcy, Cyst-C and UA are closely related to the cIMT， which indicates that they are independent risk factors of cIMT and may be used as markers in judging the developments and preventions of arteriosclerosis． Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of left ventricular ejection fraction as well as serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy and#br# D-D with different traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of chronic heart failure WEN Xuehong， YAN Weili, MA Mingkun， YANG Longyan 2015, 43 (6):  624-627.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.012 Abstract ( 622 )   PDF (332KB) ( 4155 )   Objective To investigate the correlation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy and D-Dimer (D-D) with different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 178 CHF patients were divided into heart function normal ejection fracture group (HFNEF, n=86) and heart function reduction (HFREF, n=92) according to their LVEF performance. Another 35 cases with normal cardiac function were included in control group. All CHF patients was also divided into 3 TCM syndrome types: "both deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome group" (n=64), "Qi asthenia causing blood stasis syndrome group" (n=59) and "Yang deficiency water stop group" (n=55). All patients were examined with cardiac color doppler and LVEF values were recorded.And serum NT-proBNP、 Hcyand D-D levels were all quantified. Results As to serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy and DD, they were higher in HFREF group than those in HFNEF group than those in control group. On the other hand, LVEF was lowest in HFREF group but highest in control group. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among patient in HFNEF group, LVEF in the "Yang deficiency water stop group" was lower than that in "both deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome group" (P < 0.05). Serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy, and D-D were not significantly different between different TCM syndrome groups. By contrast, among patients in HFREF group, LVEF values did not differ significantly between different TCM syndrome groups. Serum level of NT-proBNP was lower in "both deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome group" than that in Hcy and D-D, they are higher in "Yang deficiency water stop group" that those in "both deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome（P＜0.05). Conclusion Patients with different TCM syndrome types of CHF present different levels of serum NT-proBNP, Hcy, D-D level and LVEF. Changes of indicators in HFREF groups are more obvious than they did in HFNEF group. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression of GDNF and GFRα1 in childhood nephroblastoma and its clinical significance ZHANG Xue1,2, TIAN Juan1, ZHAO Yuechao1,2, GUO Fang1 2015, 43 (6):  628-630.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.013 Abstract ( 600 )   PDF (1318KB) ( 3781 )   Objective To investigate the expressions of GDNF and GFRα1 in childhood nephroblastoma, and therefore its clinical significance. Methods The expression levels of GDNF and GFRα1 were examined by immunohistochemistry of 30 parrafin samples from nephroblastoma section as well as 16 parrafin samples of peritumor renal tissue. Results The positive expression rate of GDNF and GFRα1 in nephroblastoma were higher than those in normal renal tissue（66.7% vs 6.3%;63.3% vs 6.3%） . GDNF and GFRα1 were strongly expressed in epithelium and embryo bud, but weakly expressed in lobus intermedius of nephroblastoma. There was no correlation between the expressions of GDNF and GFRα1 with histological types, clinical stage and metastasis of nephroblastoma of patients. Conclusion High expression of GDNF and GFRα1 in childhood nephroblastoma might indicate its role in tumor development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between carotid artery risk assessment and postoperative cognitive dysfunction#br# with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting WU Zhenhua1,2, GUO Zhigang2,LIN Yunjia2,LI Peijun2 2015, 43 (6):  631-634.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.014 Abstract ( 613 )   PDF (401KB) ( 3852 )   Objective To analyze the correlation of carotid artery stenosis（CAS）with postoperative cognitive dysfunction（POCD）in patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting（OPCABG） . Methods Between March 2014 and October 2014, a total of 157 patients who underwent OPCABG in our hospital were enrolled and divided into POCD group and non-POCD group according to their performance respondent to MMSE questionnaire survey conducted 5 days before operation. LOTCA questionnaire survey was conducted at the first day and 7th days pre- and post-operation respectively in order to investigate the influence of CAS on POCD in patients. Results The incidence of POCD was 30.6%(48 out of 157). Advanced age, diabetes， cultural level， carotid artery stenosis, Hb level after operation, score of LOTCA questionnaire survey conducted before surgery， time of respirator and the time spend in ICU were significant predictive factors for POCD. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, CAS and the time spend in ICU were independentrisk factors for POCD, especially CAS（OR=5.078， 95% CI: 2.211-11.662, P < 0.001） . Patients with severe CAS suffer from a significant decline in cognitive function on space, time, action and ideation. Conclusion CAS is a predominant risk factor for POCD in patients undergoing OPCABG. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression autophagy-related gene pULK and PI3KC3 and their correlation with human nonsmall-cell carcinoma WU Nan1, MIN Heming2, QU Huiying1, BAO Cuifen2 2015, 43 (6):  635-638.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.015 Abstract ( 865 )   PDF (1692KB) ( 4169 )   Objective To examine expression levels of autophagy gene pULK and PI3KC3 and to explore their correlation with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 77 samples of surgical resection from NSCLC specimens (including 31 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 31 cases of adenocarcinoma and 15 cases of large cell undifferentiated carcinoma) and 21 samples of same normal lung tissue were randomly selected. Expressions of pULK and PI3KC3 in lung tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. All dates were analyzed using SPSS13.0 statistical package. Results Immunohistochemistry indicated that pULK and PI3KC3 localized into the cytoplasm. The expression levels of pULK and PI3KC3 are significantly lower in patient with NSCLC than those in peri-tumor tissue (35.1% vs 81.0%, 40.3% vs 76.2% respectively, P＜0.01) . Immunohistochemistry and Western bolt analysis confirmed that pULK and PI3KC3 expressions were significantly down-regulated (P＜0.01) in patients with low grade cellular differentiation,metastasis of lymph node, or stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ. And expression levels of pULK and PI3KC3 in NSCLC did not differ significantly with ages, gender, tumor size and pathological type. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of PI3KC3 was positively correlated with pULK. Conclusion pULK and PI3KC3 expressions were lower in NSCLC than those in normal lung tissue group. The expression levels of pULK and PI3KC3 in NSCLC were correlated with patient's clinical stage, differentiation grade, lymph node metastasis but were unrelated with age, gender, histological type and size. Related Articles | Metrics

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Guiding values of different lung compressed forms in spontaneous pneumothorax on the#br# choice of the treatment ZHANG Ying1,2, JIA Wei2,LI Yuechuan2, LI Haina1 2015, 43 (6):  639-641.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.016 Abstract ( 579 )   PDF (905KB) ( 3818 )   Objective To evaluate the guiding values of different lung compressed forms in the choice of the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods Based on lung compressed forms on anterior-posterior chest X-ray , a total of 219 spontaneous pneumothorax patients were divided into the periphery shape group (n=127) and irregular shape group(n=92). We observe the relationship between lung compressed form with the times of previous closed thoracic drainage， the cure rate of closed chest drain at the 7th day， length that closed thoracic drainage cure pneumothorax and the incidences of the surgical pleural adhesion. Results We found that the incidence of irregular lung compression in 0, 1 and 2 times of receiving previous drainage were 11.71% (13/111), 57.89% (22/57) and 90.19% (46/51) respectively. Its incidence increased with the times of previous closed chest drain (χ2=96.339, P < 0.01). In total, 94 patients (85 of which were cured until the 7th day) and 30 patients (11 of which were cured until the 7th day) were cured using close chest drain in peripheral shape and irregular shape group. And the 7th day cure rate is lower in irregular group than that in the peripheral shape. [36.7%(11/30) vs 90.4%(85/94), χ2=37.596, P < 0.01]. What’ s more, patients in irregular group need longer time to cure pneumothorax than patients in peripheral shape did [d:10.1±4.87 vs 4.00±2.07, t=9.806, P<0.01]. Among the 95 patients who underwent surgical treatment in both groups, the incidence of pleural adhesion is higher in irregular shape group than that in peripheral shape group [91.9%（57/62） vs18.2%（6/33), χ2=52.445, P < 0.01]. Conclusion The 7th day cure rate in patients with peripheral shape lung compressed form is higher than patients in irregular lung compressed form using closed chest drain with fewer incidence of pleural adhesion and shorter cure time. Those with irregular lung compression is more appropriate for surgical treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between IGF2BP3 hypomethylation with colon tumor differentiation CHANG Jiang1, WANG Ying2, LIU Li1, WANG Mancang1 2015, 43 (6):  642-645.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.017 Abstract ( 884 )   PDF (840KB) ( 4661 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between IGF2BP3 hypomethylation with colon tumor differentiation. Methods Tissue samples from 41 colorectal cancer were collected from March 2011 to August 2011 in our hospital,among which 19 cases were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 12 cases were of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 10 cases were of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Meanwhile biopsy samples from 12 cases of colonic colitis were collected as a control. The expression of IGF2BP3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. An innovate of ELISA technique was used to examine global methylation levels while IGF2BP3 methylation level was tested by methylation specific PCR technique. Results The expressions of IGFBP3 are higher in all colon cancer groups than that in colitis (P <0.05). The expression of IGFBP3 in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is higher than that in all the other groups, but there is no significant difference between its expressions in the well differentiated group and in the moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma group. The global DNA level and IGFBP3 methylation level of every colon cancer group is lower than those in colitis (P < 0.05). Also, a tendency of decreasing global DNA and IGFBP3 methylation status was observed comparing well differentiated towards poorly differentiated carcinomas (P < 0.05). Conclusion IGF2BP3 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with differentiation of colon cancer tissue. A lower global and IGF2BP3 DNA methylation suggest a worse differentiation of colon cancer. DNA hypomethylation may therefore play a regulatory role in the expression of IGF2BP3 in colon cancer tissue. Related Articles | Metrics

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Value of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer#br# compared with biopsy from surgical approach LI Bo1, WANG Jing2, LI Yuechuan2 2015, 43 (6):  646-648.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.018 Abstract ( 700 )   PDF (749KB) ( 4220 )   Objective To investigate the reliability of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy pathological results in diagnosing Non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Patients (n=91) were selected whose radiology examination revealed pulmonary masses but were failed to be confirmed with pulmonary lesion through sputum or bronchoscopy. Then, they were diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer by CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy. After that, they received surgical operation and biopsies were taken during operations for pathological analysis. Pathological results between from percutaneous lung biopsy (pathological types and using different analysis tools) and from surgical operation were compared. Results The coincidence rate of pathological type is 86.81% (79/91) using pathological results through percutaneous lung biopsy or operation. Compared with the pathological results of operation, the coincidence rate of pathological type using percutaneous lung biopsy show no statistical significance [Squamous cell carcinoma 88.57%(31/35) vs Grandular cell carcinoma 86.27%(44/51)vs adeno-squamous carcinoma 80.00%(4/5)， χ2=0.310， P＞0.05]; the coincidence rate of percutaneous lung biopsy pathological results using different approaches demonstrate statistical significance compared with surgical biopsy pathological results (χ2=9.698, P＜0.05). The coincidence rate of pathological results obtained by Smear and biopsy [94.4% (51/54)] is higher than that of surgical biopsy pathological results using smear alone [60.0%(6/10)] and by biopsy alone [81.4%(22/27)]. Conclusion Using CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy, it can produce reliable results on pathological type of non-small cell lung cancer. But the reliability can be affected by different analysis approaches that were hired to exam samples from CTguided percutaneous lung biopsy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of Stanford type B aortic dissection treatment QIAO Shuai, WEI Minxin, FU Qiang 2015, 43 (6):  649-652.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.019 Abstract ( 779 )   PDF (415KB) ( 3874 )   Objective To explore the optimal treatment options of Stanford type B aortic dissection. Methods A total of 51 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection who visited the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from May 2008 to March 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Survival and recovery of patients were evaluated by follow ups. Patients were divided to TEVAR group（40 cases）and conservative group（11 cases）according to the treatment they recieved.Results Operations were successful in all 40 patients. There were two cases of perioperative death（5%） . And none of patients died in TEVAR group during follow-up. One case among 11 patients who received conservative treatment dead in hospital（9.1%）while other 7 cases died during follow-up（63.6%） . Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that two-year survival rate of TEVAR group was significantly higher than that of conservative group. In TEVAR group, the maximum diameter of the aorta presented a decreasing trend and thrombosis was seen in artificial lumen with time going after operation. Conclusion For patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection, TEVAR presented a high success rate and promoted remodeling of the aortic genuine and aritificial lumen. What’ s more, it can significantly improve patient’ s survival rate and recovery in short or mid-term period compared with effect of traditional conservative treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of real-time three-dimensional color doppler transthoracic echocardiography on#br# preoperative assessment of patients with structural heart disease ZHU Yanbo1, ZHANG Xiuhong2, GUAN Xin1, GENG Jie3, LUO Yongjuan1, ZHANG Lixia1, GENG Qingguo1 2015, 43 (6):  653-655.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.020 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (487KB) ( 4019 )   Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of preoperative real-time three-dimensional color Doppler transthoracic echocardiography on assessment of patients with structural heart disease (SHD). Methods A total of 111 patients were assessed preoperatively using real-time three-dimensional color Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (RT-3D-CDTTE), which include 31 SHD patients and 80 patients without SHD that were designed as negative control.Conventional two-dimensional color Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (2D-CDTTE) were used to compared with RT- 3DCDTTE while cardiovascular angiography and intraoperative findings were used as“Golden Standard”simultaneously. First of all, preoperative echocardiographic examination were performed and diagnosis was given. Angiography and intraoperative findings were hired to verify the accuracy of echocardiographic diagnosis before operation. Results (1) The preoperative RT-3D-CDTTE displayed three-dimensional structure and hemodynamic status of SHD cardiac lesions clearly, which were consistent with cardiovascular angiography and intraoperative findings. (2) P value of McNemar test between 2D- CDTTE and“Golden Standard”was greater than 0.05, Kappa=0.654 (P < 0.001). P value of McNemar test between RT-3D-CDTTE and“Golden Standard”was greater than 0.05, Kappa=0.932 (P < 0.001). Conclusion RT-3D-CDTTE can provides essential information for preoperative evaluation which is important for decision of SHD management. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of temporal fascia wrapping ethmoid perpendicular plate on repair of nasal septal#br# perforation through endoscopic surgery PANG Wei 2015, 43 (6):  656-658.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.021 Abstract ( 801 )   PDF (483KB) ( 3995 )   Objective To observe therapeutic effect of repairing nasal septum perforation with auto temporal fascia wrapping ethmoid perpendicular plate through endoscopic surgery. Methods Retrospective analysis of 50 cases of nasal septum perforation patient, among whom 30 cases were repaired by traditional surgery and 20 cases were repaired by sandwich surgery. All patients were examine by CT scan and nasal irrigation therapy were also performed through nasal endoscopy to improves nasal mucosa situation. Endoscopic procedures were performed in the traditional surgical group under local anesthesia, and septum mucosa was separated and shifted to repair septal perforation. On the other hand, temporal fascia of more than 2 times the diameter of the perforation were isolated then, wrapped around the perforation through front line of nasal incision after separating membrane of the nasal septum cartilage. Now， temporal fascia wrapping autologous ethmoid perpendicular plates form a rigid vertical "sandwich prosthesis" and were inserted into perichondrium of septal to repair perforation. Anti- infection and nasal moisturizing treatment were given after operation. Postoperative symptoms and the performance in follow-ups were recorded. Results Intraoperative blood loss (mL: 3.6±1.2 vs 13.4±2.9), operative time (min: 25.2±6.3 vs 46.5 ±10.3), mucosal damage range (mm2: 10.2±3.2 vs 20.5±5.3) and mucosal repair time postoperation (d: 19.5±3.9 vs30.2±3.1) were all less in sandwich group than those in traditional group (P < 0.05). Successful rate in sandwich group is also higher than that in the traditional surgical group (90.00% vs 46.67%, χ 2 =9.780, P <0.01) . No recurrence was found during follow-up from 6 months to 1 year in both groups. Conclusion Application of autologous temporalis fascia wrapping perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone to form a rigid "sandwich prosthesis" to repair nasal septal perforation by endoscopic surgery were effective. It can restore the normal anatomy of the nasal septum. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of closed chest drain on wound closure of primary spontaneous pneumothorax CUI Meixia1, JIAWei2, LI Yuechuan2, LI Haina1 2015, 43 (6):  659-662.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.022 Abstract ( 617 )   PDF (321KB) ( 4211 )   Objective To explore the relationship between visceral pleura closure of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) using different diameters of drainage tube and the time of implementing closed chest-drain. Methods According to the diameters of tubes for chest drain they used, 214 patients with PSP were divided into standard tube group (136 cases)and fine catheter group (78 cases). Patients in standard tube group who were inserted chest drain for ≤1 d, ≤3 d, ≤6 d, >6 d included 48, 43, 29 and 16 cases respectively while their counterpart in fine catheter group include 24, 23, 17, 14 cases respectively. Closed time of crevasse were noted and incidence of preoperative closed pneumothorax converting into open pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema and prolonged pain after operation were all recorded. Results There is no statistical difference in closing time of crevasse nor in the distribution of various drainage times (proportions of ≤ 6 d and > 6 d are lower than proportions of ≤1 d and ≤3 d) between standard tube group [(4.76 ±1.65) d] and fine catheter group [(4.54±1.67) d](t=0.963). However, in both standard tube group and fine catheter group, closing time of crevasse is shorter if drainage time ≤ 6 d or > 6 d than if it ≤ 1 d and ≤3 d. Closing time of crevasse show negative correlation with period of chest drain insertion in both standard tube group and fine catheter group (P < 0.05). The rate of converting from close pneumothorax into open pneumothorax were 51.96% (53/102) and 36.21% (21/58) respectively in standard pipe group and fine catheter group.Furthermore, the incidence of subcutaneous emphysema and prolonged pain were all higher than those in standard tube group than those in the fine catheter group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Using closed chest drain to treat patients with PSP, diameter of the drain tube did not affect closing time of crevasse. But longer insertion period of chest drain can reduce closing time of crevasse. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dexmedetomidine on cognitive function of elderly patients who underwent hip orthopedic#br# surgery ZHANG Yunfei,GAO Weizhong, MA Shiying,LIU Jinbi 2015, 43 (6):  663-665.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.023 Abstract ( 878 )   PDF (337KB) ( 3926 )   Abstract Objective To observe the effect of a variety of dexmedetomidine on circulatory and cognitive functions in elderly patients undergoing hip orthopedic surgery. Methods A total of 120 cases for hip orthopedic surgery, aged over 65 years old and recruited from 06/2013 to 09/2014, were administered intravenously dexmedetomidin -e after epidural anesthesia. Based on the various doses of dexmedetomidine, the patients were randomly and averagely divided into 3 groups, including group A of 0.2 μg?h-1?kg-1, group B of 0.4 μg?h-1?kg-1, and group C of 0.6 μg?h-1?kg-1, with 40 cases in each group. The heart rate (HR)，mean arteria1 pressure (MAP), and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded at 6 time points, including the time of admission to the operating room(T0), 10 min (T1), 20 min (T2) after drug administration, the time of drug withdrawal (T3), 10 min after drug withdrawal (T4) and the terminal time of surgery (T5), respectively. Cognitive function was evaluated by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) at the time points of 24 hours before surgery (t1), 12 hours (t2), 24 hours (t3), and 72 hours (t4) after surgery. Results there was no significant difference of the general status among the 3 group (P > 0. 05). A significant decrease in MAP and HR at T2 and T3 time point was observed in group C compared to that in group A or group B (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in MMSE at time point t0 among the three groups (P > 0.05). However, compared to that in group A or group C, MMSE increased significantly at time point t2, t3 in group B (P< 0.05). In addition, compared to group A or group C, the patients in group B exhibited lower incidence of postoperative cognitive function disorder(POCD) (P<0.05)。 Conclusion Continuous intravenous pumping of Dexmedetomidine can be used in elderly patient undergoing hip orthopedic surgery with the dose of 0.4 μg?h-1?kg-1 safely, with less interference to circulatory and cognitive function in perioperative period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the treatment effect of chronic systolic heart failure with Candesartan in plateau Tibetan nationality GUO Juan, YU Xiangdong, JIAYONG Zepei, XU Shaopeng, LI Bin 2015, 43 (6):  666-668.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.024 Abstract ( 651 )   PDF (293KB) ( 3751 )   Objective The treatment effect of chronic systolic heart failure with Candesartan in plateau Tibetan nationality is discussed in this paper. Method Cases studied consist of 526 individuals with chronic systolic heart failure, which are divided into two groups randomly (i.e., control group with 252 cases and reference group with 274cases). Routine medicine is given to individuals in both groups on the basement of protopathy treatment, such as cardiac, diuretic and vasodilator drugs. Additionally, enalapril is used in reference group, while candesartan in control group. Comparison of the improvement of cardiac function, LVEF, LVEDD and blood pressure between two groups is also conducted after 8 weeks. Results There was no significant difference between treatment and control groups for effective rate (i.e., 45.2% in treatment group and 44.9% in control group, respectively), efficiency rate (i.e., 54.8% in treatment group and 55.1% in control group, respectively) and Inefficiency (i.e., 2.0% in treatment group and 2.2% in control group, respectively). After treatment, LVEF in the two groups are all improved, while LVEDD and blood pressure decreased, and statistical significance are also found. However, the difference between the two groups is not significant. Conclusion No statistical difference was found for the treatment of chronic systolic heart failure in Plateau Tibetan in the 2 groups, and candesartan seems more effective than enalapril. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of auxiliary effect of oxalic acid Ai Sciplan auxiliary effect assisted with psychological#br# intervention on coronary heart disease complicated with depression LI Yanxin1, WANG Xianpei1,2, LI Wen1, CAO Hong1, CHEN Luyu1 2015, 43 (6):  669-673.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.025 Abstract ( 1254 )   PDF (454KB) ( 4099 )   　Objective To investigate the curative effects of oxalic acid Ai Sciplan in assisting psychological therapy for coronary heart disease accompanied with depression. Methods A total of 136 patients of coronary heart disease with depression were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The routine drug treatment was given to control group. Treatment group was given oxalic acid Ai Sciplan which is assisted by the psychological therapy based on the routine drug treatment schedule for six months. HAMD score before treatment, one-week, one-month, 3-month and 6-month after treatment were compared between two groups. Homocysteine (Hcy) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs- CRP) levels were detected by circulating enzymatic method before treatment and 6- month after treatment. The WHO quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess the quality of life in two groups of patients. The improvements of angina and depressive symptoms were evaluated after 6-month treatment. The cardiovascular events were followed up in two groups. Results HAMD scores significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (P < 0.05). HAMD scores at all different time points were significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment in treatment group. In control group, HAMD scores at different time points were also significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment, except time point of one week after treatment. The levels of Hcy and hs-CRP were decreased after treatment in two groups, and the levels were lower in treatment group than those of control group. Values of WHOQOL-BREF score, mental status, social relations and the sur⁃ rounding environment scores were higher after treatment in both groups. Also they are higher in treatment group than that of control group. The angina and depressive symptoms were improved in treatment group. The incidences of angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, sudden cardiac death and other cardiovascular events were significantly lower in treatment group than those of control group (χ2=9.396, P < 0.05). Conclusion Escitalopram oxalate combined with psychological therapy shows a significant beneficial effect and a better prognosis in the treatment of coronary heart disease and depression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of miR-125b, miR-29a and miR-155-5p as biomarkers of tuberculous meningitis CHAI Lulu1,TIAN Songxin1,YUAN Li2,WANG Hong1 2015, 43 (6):  674-676.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.026 Abstract ( 645 )   PDF (345KB) ( 3789 )   Objective To investigate the expression levels of microRNA(miR)-125b, miR-29a and miR-155-5p in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from the patients with tuberculous meningitis and their clinic significance. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples were collected from 20 patients with tuberculous meningitis (tuberculous meningitis group) and 20 patients suffered from primary headache (control group). The total RNAs were extracted.The levels of miR- 125b, miR-29a and miR-155-5p were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Results Levels of miR-29a and miR-125b in both CSF and plasma of patients in tuberculous meningitis group were significantly higher than those in patients from control group with statistical significance (P<0.01). Mean time, the level of miR-155-5p in plasma but not in CSF of patients in tuberculous meningitis group was higher than those in control group with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion Expression of miR-125b, miR-29a and miR-155-5p may participate in regulating the occurrence and development of tuberculous meningitis. And miR-125b and miR-29a may be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive values of radiology algorithm that was developed by two dimensional  echocardiography in identifying the site of Leads LIU Xiaogang1, WU Dongyan2, XU Jing2 2015, 43 (6):  677-680.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.027 Abstract ( 772 )   PDF (574KB) ( 3866 )   Objective To develop a radiology algorithm and test its the accuracy in distinguish pacing in the septum from the other parts. Methods One hundred patients were implanted with double-chamber pacemakers. Sites of the leads were verified by two-dimensional echocardiography, and the patients were divided into 4 groups according to the echocardiography: septal right ventricular outflow tract group(RVOT), RVOT anterior free wall group, mid septum group, and anteri⁃ or septum group (near to the anterior free wall ). An algorithm was developed according to radiological characteristics in the 45°left anterior oblique (LAO45°) view and the 30° right anterior oblique (RAO30°) view. Then its sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were tested . Results The algorithm has high sensitivity and specificity, which were 90% and 97% respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 90% and 97% respectively. Conclusion The radiology algorithm we developed have a high sensitivity and specificity in identifying the site of the leads. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of effects of ELISPOTs using pleural fluid and peripheral blood in the diagnosis of#br# tuberculous pleurisy CUI Dan, ZHAO Jie, LIU Pengchong, FENG Xiuli, LI Zhihui 2015, 43 (6):  681-683.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.028 Abstract ( 784 )   PDF (293KB) ( 4096 )   Objective To evaluate the effects of ELISPOT (enzyme-link immunospot) test using different samples in diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. Methods Using T-Spot-TB kit to detect interferon-γ level in pleural effusion and peripheral blood from 164 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion and 102 patients without tuberculous pleural effusion. Number of spot forming cells (SFCs) as well as the specificity and sensitivity of the tests were compared between these two methods (ELISPOT using leural effusion or peripheral blood). Results The area under the ROC curve was 0.947 in pleural effusion Elispot test while it was 0.905 in peripheral blood Elispot test. The sensitivity of pleural effusion ELISPOT test in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (95.1%) was significantly higher than that of peripheral blood ELISPOT test (89.0%). What’ s more,the specificity of pleural effusion ELISPOT test in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (90.2%) was higher than that in diagnosis of peripheral blood ELISPOT test (88.2%). Conclusion The pleural effusion ELISPOT test is more valuable than peripheral blood ELISPOT in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta analysis on effect of parathyroid hormone elimination through hemoperfusion and#br# hemodiafiltration WANG Zhe, WEI Fang, CHEN Haiyan, JIANG Aili 2015, 43 (6):  684-689.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.029 Abstract ( 935 )   PDF (594KB) ( 3849 )   Objective To assess the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) on elimination of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from plasma in long- term hemodialysis patients.Methods MEDLINE (1966—2013.8), Embase(1974—2013.8), Chinese Wanfang database (1996—2013.8） ,CNKI（1979—2013.8） and the clinical control test database of Cochrane Library were searched． Published reports, unpublished studies and abstract from conference were retrieved manually, all of which include studies of effect of PTH elimination through hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration. Quality assessment and data mining were conducted by two independent investigators who performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.2. Results A total of 12 reports (400 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed that the elimination rate of PTH in long term hemodialysis patients was similar between using hemoperfusion and using hemodiafiltration（WMD=-0.34， 95%CI： -12.66-11.98， P=0.96） . What’ s more the elimination rate of β2-MG were also similar（WMD=-2.92， 95%CI： -16.64-10.8， P=0.68）between those two treatments. However， The remission rate of pruritus was higher in patients using HP group than in HDF group(RR=1.33， 95%CI： 1.08-1.62， P=0.006). Conclusion HP and HDF can effectively clear PTH in chronic hemodialysis patients, but there was no statistically different between the two treatment methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of hypoxia-induced factors in cancer development mediated by cancer stem cells WANG Linlin, WEI Minjie, HE Miao 2015, 43 (6):  690-693.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.030 Abstract ( 959 )   PDF (340KB) ( 4005 )   Hypoxia and hypoxia-induced factors (HIFs) are main regulators for tumor stem cells, metastasis-initiating cells and their differentiated progenies to adapt to the environment which lacks oxygen and nutrient in the process of cancer development. HIFs are up-regulated in many tumors, including leukemia, glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, in where they are especially highly expressed in hypoxic regions. HIFs activation can induce expression of numerous stem cell related genes and multidrug resistance genes, which may play important roles in tumour and stem cell-mediated self-renewing, energy metabolism alternation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and treatment resistance of neoplastic cells. Consequently, it will provide new clues for cancer therapy after investigating the role of HIFs in targeted regulation and metabolic pathway modulation in various stem cell-mediated tumor cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of transforming astrocytes into neurons KANG Wenbo, ZHANG Sai, LIANG Haiqian 2015, 43 (6):  694-697.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.031 Abstract ( 836 )   PDF (308KB) ( 4625 )   In recent years, the rapid development of stem cell transforming technology and regeneration pose great research value. With maturation of transformation induction, other cell lineages were shown to be able to transform into neurons. In addition, astrocytes are widely distributed in the gray and white matter of the central nervous system, whose excessive proliferation contribute to glial fibrillary scar formation, which is the key obstacle in recovery of neurological function. Therefore, the study of transforming astrocytes into neurons draw attention from many scientists. Astrocytes transformation not only prevent the formation of glial scar, but also generate new neurons. This article summarized relevant studies that report function of astrocytes and its transformation into neurons. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy LI Dong, LIN Shan 2015, 43 (6):  698-701.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.032 Abstract ( 618 )   PDF (349KB) ( 3931 )   In recent years, microRNAs were shown to be one of the key factors in post transcriptional gene regulation which are involved in occurrence, development of many diseases. In the field of kidney disease research, the role of microRNAs attracted more and more attention. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease, whose pathogenesis however has not been fully elucidated yet. This article reviews the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research of role of Hox genes in pathogenesis of equinus deformity LIU Fengsong, HU Qinliang, DU Shixin 2015, 43 (6):  702-704.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.033 Abstract ( 953 )   PDF (263KB) ( 4008 )   Congenital clubfoot（CCF） , which is also known as equines deformity, is a common congenital malformation that affect children′s life quality. However, its cause is still to be elucidated. Currently, polygenetic and environmental factors are both believed to play important roles in CCF pathogenesis. Several genes including HOX, PITX1, NAT2, P63, DTDS and COL9A were shown to contribute to congenital clubfoot, but which is the most critical gene remains unclear. Several reports have revealed that Hox genes are closely related to the cause of CCF. Hox genes are regulators of body morphogenesis,and its mutation result in limbs and trunk deformity in human. Here, we systematically reviewed the latest literature that studied the role of Hox genes in pathogenesis of Congenital clubfoot, with the prospect of laying a foundation for its future clinic treatment. Related Articles | Metrics