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15 March 2025, Volume 53 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cell and Molecular Biology
Experimental Research
Clinical Research
Applied Research
Epidemiological Survey
Drug Clinical Evaluations
Review


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Cell and Molecular Biology

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Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on podocyte damage induced by high glucose by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway LI Bingxin, XU Junying, ZHANG Yaru, ZHOU Xiaobing 2025, 53 (3):  225-229.  doi: 10.11958/20240816 Abstract ( 124 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (6139KB) ( 40 )   Objective To investigate effects of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) on high glucose (HG) induced podocyte injury by regulating the adenylate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Methods Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into the normal glucose (NG) group, the HG group, the HG+CS group, the HG+CS+autophagy inhibitor (HG+CS+3MA) group and the HG+CS+AMPK inhibitor (HG+CS+Compound C) group. Podocyte viability was detected by CCK-8 method. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of podocyte marker proteins podocin and nephrin, autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and P62, and pathway related proteins p-AMPK and p-mTOR. Results Compared with the NG group, the cell viability of podocytes decreased, the expression levels of podocin, nephrin，Beclin-1 and p-AMPK protein were decreased, and the expression levels of P62 and p-mTOR protein were increased in the HG group (P<0.05). Compared with the HG group, the cell viability of podocytes was increased, the expression levels of podocin, nephrin, Beclin-1 and p-AMPK protein were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of P62 and p-mTOR protein were decreased in the HG+CS group (P<0.05). Compared with the HG+CS group, the cell viability decreased in the HG+CS+3MA group and the HG+CS+Compound C group (P<0.05). Compared with the HG+CS group, the HG+CS+3MA group and the HG+CS+Compound C group showed decreased expression levels of podocin, nephrin and Beclin-1 protein, and increased expression of P62 protein (P<0.05). Compared with the HG+CS group, the expression of p-AMPK protein decreased and the expression of p-mTOR protein increased in the HG+CS+Compound C group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis may play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy by up-regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to induce podocyte autophagy, alleviate high glucose induced podocyte injury and apoptosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isovitexin regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via the miR-339-5p/HSPA8 axis YAN Lingxin, LI Sen, GUO Gaili, MENG Wanqiu, XU Chao 2025, 53 (3):  230-235.  doi: 10.11958/20242056 Abstract ( 90 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1245KB) ( 23 )   Objective To explore the biological behavior and mechanism of isovitexin (Isov) on pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Isov was used to treat the human normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells HPDE and PC cell lines, and CCK-8 was used to detect the cell proliferation and calculate the half inhibitory concentration (IC50). The PC cell line PANC-1 cells were grouped into the control group, the Isov group, the Isov+in-miR-NC group, the Isov+in-miR-339-5p group, the Isov+in-miR-339-5p+si-NC group and the Isov+in-miR-339-5p+si-HSPA8 group. The survival, migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells were detected by CCK-8, scratch healing assay and Transwell assay. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-339-5p and heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) in PANC-1 cells. Western blot assay was used to detect protein HSPA8 expression in various groups of cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene was used to detect the targeting effect of miR-339-5p and HSPA8. A xenograft nude mouse model was used to determine the in vivo anticancer effects of Isov. Results Isov inhibited PC cell proliferation but had little cytotoxicity to HPDE cells. Isov could obviously reduce the survival rate and scratch healing rate of PANC-1 cells, reduce the number of invasive cells, up-regulate miR-339-5p expression and down-regulate HSPA8 mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05), while these effects were blocked by down-regulated miR-339-5p (P<0.05). In addition, HSPA8 was the target gene of miR-339-5p, and knockdown of HSPA8 reversed the regulatory effect of Isov on the malignant biological behavior of PANC-1 cells. In vivo studies confirmed that after Isov treatment, the tumor volume and weight of nude mice decreased, the expression of miR-339-5p was increased and the expression of HSPA8 mRNA was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Isov may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells through the miR-339-5p/HSPA8 axis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Research

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Clinical effects of moxibustion regulating the different phenotypic polarization of macrophages on the treatment of RA synovitis ZHONG Yumei, HE Liu, ZHANG Min, ZHOU Haiyan 2025, 53 (3):  236-241.  doi: 10.11958/20240418 Abstract ( 94 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1331KB) ( 23 )   Objective To investigate the effect of moxibustion on different phenotypic expression of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group and the moxibustion group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the model group and the moxibustion group were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into right foot pad to prepare RA model. The moxibustion group received moxibustion treatment. The blank group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. The thickness of foot pad was measure and arthritis index score was performed. Pathological changes of joints were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining (HE), and the expressions of CD80, CD163 and SPP1 in macrophages of synovial tissue were detected by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with the blank group, arthritis index score and thickness of foot pad were increased in the model group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05). After moxibustion treatment, compared with the model group, the score of arthritis index and thickness of foot pad were decreased in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). HE staining showed joint space narrowing, subchondral bone destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group. The degree of joint space narrowing, subchondral bone destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration were less in the moxibustion group than those in the model group. Compared with the blank group, the scores of synovial tissue hyperplasia, synovial fibrous tissue hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration increased in the model group. Compared with the model group, scores of synovial tissue hyperplasia, fibrous tissue hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration decreased in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). Results of immunofluorescence detection showed that compared with the blank group, the expressions of CD80 and SPP1 in synovial tissue were up-regulated in the model group, while the expression of CD163 was down-regulated. Compared with the model group, the expressions of CD80 and SPP1 were down-regulated, and the expression of CD163 was up-regulated in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion can regulate the expression of different phenotypes of macrophages and reduce synovial inflammation of RA. The mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of different phenotypes of macrophages. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Research

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Construction and effect evaluation of multi-drug resistant bacterial infection prediction model for patients with esophageal cancer after operation BU Jing, WANG Pengyu, YANG Xingxiao 2025, 53 (3):  242-246.  doi: 10.11958/20242177 Abstract ( 88 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (943KB) ( 13 )   Objective To analyze the risk factors of postoperative multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRO) infection in patients with esophageal cancer, construct the nomogram model and evaluate fitting effect of the model, so as to help doctors make accurate clinical decisions. Methods A total of 116 patients with esophageal cancer who received surgical treatment were selected and divided into the infected group (25 cases) and the uninfected group (91 cases) according to whether they were infected with MDRO. American anesthesia association of physicians rating (ASA) score and tumor locations (upper, middle and lower segments) on admission were compared between the two groups. Surgical method (endoscopic, open), clinical stage, history of chemoradiotherapy, preoperative nutritional status, white blood cell count at admission, retention time of drainage tube, retention time of central venous catheter, length of ICU stay and total length of hospital stay were also compared between the two groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to screen and reduce the dimension of the data. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of postoperative MDRO infection. A nomogram model of MDRO infection risk was constructed, and the predictive fitting effect of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Results Compared with the uninfected group, higher ASA score (≥3 points), laparotomy and clinical stage Ⅲ, higher proportion of patients with poor nutritional status before surgery, longer drainage tube retention time, central venous catheter retention time and long ICU stay time were found in the infected group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that open surgery, long stay in ICU and poor preoperative nutritional status were risk factors for postoperative MDRO infection in patients with esophageal cancer (P<0.05). Based on this, the area under ROC curve of the nomogram model was 0.828 (0.759-0.897). The results of Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed χ2=0.426, P=1.000, and the model had good goodness-fit, high calibration degree and clinical application degree. Conclusion The nomogram risk prediction model based on the mode of operation,length of ICU stay and preoperative nutritional status has good prediction ability. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application value of ultrasound BI-RADS classification combined with serum FGFR1 and GDF3 in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses LI Na, HE Ying, TENG Fei, HE Wenshu, GUO Caifeng, ZHONG Na, WU Qiong, LI Jun 2025, 53 (3):  247-251.  doi: 10.11958/20241974 Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (823KB) ( 10 )   Objective To explore the application value of combining the ultrasound breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification with serum fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses. Methods A total of 159 patients with breast masses were selected and divided into the benign mass group (n=83) and the malignant mass group (n=76) based on postoperative pathological diagnosis. All patients underwent ultrasound examination, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect serum levels of FGFR1 and GDF3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of ultrasound BI-RADS classification and serum FGFR1 and GDF3 levels for benign and malignant breast masses. Kappa test was applied to analyze the consistency between various diagnostic methods and pathological diagnosis. Results The serum levels of FGFR1 and GDF3, the proportions of irregular morphology, unclear boundaries, spiculation, microcalcifications, blood flow grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ and posterior echo attenuation, RI and PI were higher in the malignant tumor group than those in the benign tumor group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of FGFR1, GDF3 and ultrasound BI-RADS classification in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses separately and in combination was 0.802 (95%CI: 0.732-0.871), 0.817 (95%CI: 0.751-0.884), 0.848 (95%CI: 0.784-0.912) and 0.956 (95%CI: 0.918-0.993), respectively. The combined diagnosis was more effective than that of the individual diagnosis of each indicator. The consistency between the individual and combined diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses and pathological diagnosis showed that the Kappa values were 0.517, 0.514, 0.688 and 0.912, respectively, with the highest consistency observed in the combined diagnosis (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound BI-RADS classification combined with serum FGFR1 and GDF3 has high application value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of seasonal and temperature variations on fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus LIANG Tongtong, CAO Li, LI Jun, YU Yan, YAN Yujie, XU Huilin 2025, 53 (3):  252-256.  doi: 10.11958/20241962 Abstract ( 87 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (912KB) ( 20 )   Objective To explore the impact of seasonal and temperature variations on fasting blood glucose (FPG) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 31 994 T2DM patients managed by community health service center in Minhang District, Shanghai, from January 1, 2020 to October 31, 2023. The effect of seasonal and temperature variations on FPG levels and blood glucose control was investigated in T2DM patients. Results A total of 72 334 FPG tests were conducted in 31 994 T2DM patients, with an average of 2.26 tests per person. The number of tests conducted in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 15 558, 34 018, 21 929 and 829, respectively. The FPG levels of T2DM patients were lower in summer and autumn compared to those of winter and spring (P < 0.05), while the FPG control rates were higher in summer and autumn compared to those of winter and spring (Bonferroni-corrected, P < 0.008). There were no significant differences in FPG levels and blood glucose control rates between spring and winter, or between summer and autumn. The results of the multilevel mixed-effect Logistic model analysis with FPG control status as the dependent variable revealed that the risk of uncontrolled FPG in T2DM patients during winter and spring was 47% (aOR=1.465, 95%CI: 1.156-1.855) and 51% (aOR=1.510, 95%CI: 1.384-1.645), respectively, which was higher than that of autumn. The levels of FPG and the incidence of FPG abnormalities reached peak in February and reached the trough in September. Both the FPG levels and the incidence of FPG abnormal exhibited a trend of increasing with the decrease of temperature, and with a lag effect observed. Spearman rank correlation test indicated that there was a negative correlation between FPG levels and incidence of abnormal FPG and the monthly average daily temperature one month lagged (rs=-0.951, P<0.001 and rs=-0.944, P<0.001). Conclusion FPG levels of T2DM patients exhibit a pronounced seasonal pattern of elevation during winter and spring, accompanied by a reduction in blood glucose control rates. FPG levels and the prevalence of abnormal FPG exhibit a negative correlation with the monthly average daily temperature, and there is a lag effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of benserazide combined with respiratory training on post-stroke dysphagia YANG Liya, ZHENG Li, LI Lihong, LI Yayong, MA Jiang 2025, 53 (3):  257-261.  doi: 10.11958/20241777 Abstract ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (793KB) ( 13 )   Objective To investigate the effect of benserazide combined with respiratory training on post-stroke dysphagia. Methods A total of 120 patients with dysphagia after stroke were prospectively selected and randomly divided into the combination group and the breathing exercise group, with 60 cases in each group. The breathing exercise group was treated with rehabilitation breathing training, and the combination group was treated with dopa serazide on the basis of rehabilitation breathing training, 3 times a day, 1 tablet once. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, clinical efficacy and swallowing function indexes including dysphagia angiography score (VDS), osmotic-aspiration scale (PAS) score, Lowada drinking water test score and VFSS score were compared between the two groups. Nutritional indices [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb)], related indexes of nerve function [nerve function and serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), central nerve specific protein soluble protein-100β (S100β)], quality of life and anxiety disorder score [Quality of Life Rating Scale (SF-36) score, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) score] and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the combination group (91.67%) was obviously increased (P<0.05) compared to the breathing exercise group (58.33%). Compared with before treatment, after treatment, tongue flaccidity, slow swallowing, choke after drinking water, tongue coating ecchymosis, score of fine pulse, VDS, PAS, score of Lowada drinking water test, GDF-15 level and GAD-7 score were decreased in the two groups, and those of the combination group were significantly lower than the breathing exercise group (P<0.05). The levels of TC, TG, ALB, Hb, S100β, VFSS and SF-36 were increased in the two groups, and those of the combination group were higher than the breathing exercise group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion Benserazide combined with respiratory training has high clinical efficacy in patients with post-stroke dysphagia, which can effectively improve the TCM evidence score and nutritional indicators, improve swallowing function, reduce anxiety, improve quality of life, and have more ideal clinical application. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The predictive value of serum HMGB1 and sRAGE in the occurrence and short-term prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy ZHANG Yuxuan, LIU Yidan, CHEN Zhe, ZHANG Wen, LI Ruixuan, YAN Qiang, XU Guiping 2025, 53 (3):  262-266.  doi: 10.11958/20242152 Abstract ( 90 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (862KB) ( 9 )   Objective To explore the predictive value of serum high-mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) in the occurrence and short-term prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Methods Clinical data of 228 patients with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence of SAE, patients were divided into the SAE group (96 cases) and the non-SAE group (132 cases). General clinical data, laboratory test results, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores and serum HMGB1 and sRAGE levels were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing SAE occurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive ability of HMGB1, sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio to predict the occurrence and short-term prognosis of SAE. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the 28-day mortality rates of SAE patients with different HMGB1 and sRAGE expression levels. Results Compared to the non-SAE group, patients in the SAE group exhibited elevated serum HMGB1 levels, decreased sRAGE levels and an increased HMGB1/sRAGE ratio (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUC) for predicting SAE using HMGB1, sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio were 0.826 (95% CI: 0.770-0.872), 0.682 (95% CI: 0.617-0.742) and 0.895 (95% CI: 0.848-0.932), respectively, indicating predictive value. Among the 96 SAE patients, 52 (54.2%) died within 28 days. There were no statistically significant differences in HMGB1, sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio between surviving and deceased patients (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in 28-day mortality rates between SAE patients with different HMGB1 or sRAGE expression levels. Conclusion Elevated serum HMGB1 and reduced sRAGE are of significant value in the auxiliary diagnosis of SAE, but have limited clinical predictive value for short-term prognosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The evaluation value of serum TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels in predicting recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo HU Lao, ZHANG Cheng, HU Zhijun 2025, 53 (3):  267-271.  doi: 10.11958/20241988 Abstract ( 88 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (822KB) ( 16 )   Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of capsaicin receptor 1 (TRPV1), matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (TIMP4) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) for disease recurrence in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods A total of 326 BPPV patients were selected and used as the BPPV group, and 357 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected and used as the control group. According to the recurrence status of BPPV patients after 1 year of reduction treatment, patients were divided into the non recurrence group (264 cases) and the recurrence group (62 cases). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 in patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze influencing factors of recurrence in BPPV patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TRPV1, TIMP4, and TGF-1 levels for recurrence in BPPV patients. Results TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower in the BPPV group than those in the control group, while TGF-β1 was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The TGF-β1 score in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non recurrence group, while TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower than those in the non recurrence group (P<0.05). Serum TRPV1 and TIMP4 levels were lower in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group, and TGF-1 levels were higher in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group (P<0.05). The decreased serum levels of TRPV1 and TIMP4 were risk factors for recurrence in BPPV patients (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of TRPV1, TIMP4, TGF-β1 and their combined prediction of recurrence in BPPV patients were 0.795 (95%CI: 0.748-0.838), 0.803 (95%CI: 0.756-0.845), 0.810 (95%CI: 0.764-0.851) and 0.945 (95%CI: 0.914-0.967), respectively. The combined detection value of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels were better than that of single detection in predicting the recurrence in BPPV patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 are independent factors affecting the recurrence of BPPV patients, and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the recurrence of BPPV patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma WANG Lili, WANG Xuyan, ZHANG Pei, HAN Mingming, ZHANG Jing, ZHAO Mingxin 2025, 53 (3):  272-276.  doi: 10.11958/20242041 Abstract ( 90 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (849KB) ( 14 )   Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Claudin-6 (CLDN6), tripartite motif-containing protein 59 (TRIM59) and chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing member 6 (CMTM6) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue. Methods A total of 135 NPC patients were selected as the study objects, and cancer tissue (observation group) and para-cancer tissue (control group) of all patients were collected. All patients were followed up for 3 years. According to the follow-up results, 93 surviving patients were included in the survival group and 42 dead patients were included in the death group. The mRNA expressions of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of death in NPC patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of CLDN6, TRIM59, CMTM6 and the prognosis of NPC patients. Results Compared with the control group, mRNA expressions of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 were increased in the observation group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, TNM stage, bone metastasis, smoking history, drinking history and hypertension history between the survival group and the death group. Compared with the survival group, the proportion of NPC family history and the mRNA expression of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 in cancer tissue were increased in the death group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the increased levels of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 in cancer tissue were influential factors for death of NPC patients (P<0.05). According to the mean expression levels of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 mRNA in cancer tissue, patients were divided into the low expression group and the high expression group. The 3-year survival rate of the high expression group was significantly lower than that of the low expression group (P<0.05). Conclusion The mRNA expressions of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 in NPC tissue are significantly increased, which is a risk factor for death in NPC patients, and the mRNA expressions of CLDN6, TRIM59 and CMTM6 are correlated with the prognosis of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and validation of a prediction model for small airway dysfunction in children with bronchial asthma LIU Yanli, XU Wenfu, FANG Hongjuan 2025, 53 (3):  277-282.  doi: 10.11958/20241912 Abstract ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (892KB) ( 15 )   Objective To analyze influencing factors of small airway dysfunction (SAD) in children with bronchial asthma, and construct a risk prediction model for SAD. Methods A total of 221 bronchial asthma children with normal pulmonary ventilation function were retrospectively selected as the modeling group. According to the presence of SAD, children were divided into the SAD group (43 cases) and the non-SAD group (178 cases). The related factors affecting the occurrence of SAD were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and risk prediction model of SAD was constructed. In addition, 74 bronchial asthma children with normal pulmonary ventilation function were collected and used as the validation group. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was adopted to evaluate the calibration of the model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the prediction model. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that poor asthma control (OR=10.722, 95%CI: 4.044-28.428), allergic rhinitis in the attack stage (OR=4.816, 95%CI: 1.929-12.023) and long use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or ICS/long-acting β2 receptor agonist (LABA, OR=2.903, 95%CI: 1.269-6.643) were independent risk factors for SAD in children (P<0.05), and older age at first onset of suspected asthma symptoms (OR=0.599, 95% CI: 0.395-0.907) was a protective factor. Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration (χ2=8.301, P=0.307). The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the model in the modeling group for predicting the occurrence of SAD in children with bronchial asthma were 0.820 (95%CI: 0.749-0.892), 74.42% and 78.65%, and the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the model in the validation group were 0.849 (95%CI: 0.718-0.981), 75.00%, 94.83% and 90.54% (67/74). Conclusion Children with bronchial asthma who are younger at the time of their first suspected asthma symptoms, poor asthma control, allergic rhinitis in the exacerbation phase, and longer duration of use of ICS or ICS+LABA/LTRA are at higher risk of SAD. Therefore, SAD risk prediction model constructed on this basis has good predictive ability. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of serum HMGB1 and Angptl-2 on coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease DING Fenqin, XU Fei, QIN Jie 2025, 53 (3):  282-286.  doi: 10.11958/20242018 Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (823KB) ( 17 )   Objective To investigate the impact and predictive value of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and angiopoietin like protein 2 (Angptl-2) on coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease. Methods A total of 114 children with Kawasaki disease were selected and divided into the normal coronary artery group (85 cases) and the coronary artery lesion group (29 cases) according to the presence or absence of coronary artery lesions. The general clinical data of the two groups were compared. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of HMGB1 and Angptl-2 in children and compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum levels of HMGB1 and Angptl-2 for coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease. Results The serum levels of HMGB1 and Angptl-2 were significantly higher in acute stage than those in remission stage (P<0.05). Before treatment, the duration of fever, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin and serum HMGB1 and Angptl-2 levels were significantly higher in the coronary artery lesion group than those in the normal coronary artery group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of fever, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, HMGB1 and Angptl-2 levels before treatment were all independent risk factors for coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum HMGB1 and Angptl-2 for diagnosing coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease was 0.907 (95%CI: 0.838-0.953) and 0.857 (95%CI:0.780-0.916), respectively, with cut-off value of 59.62 μg/L and 10.35 μg/L, respectively. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis of coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease were 0.958 (95%CI: 0.903-0.987), 93.10% and 90.59%, respectively, which were better than their individual diagnose. Conclusion The serum levels of HMGB1 and Angptl-2 are obviously elevated in children with Kawasaki disease complicated by coronary artery damage, and the combined detection of HMGB1 and Angptl-2 levels in serum can provide a good prediction for coronary artery damage in children with Kawasaki disease. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influencing factors of neurocognitive dysfunction after total knee arthroplasty and the construction of a nomogram model JIA Fang, LI Ping, LI Jing, YIN Lu 2025, 53 (3):  287-292.  doi: 10.11958/20241375 Abstract ( 86 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 8 )   Objective To explore the influencing factors of neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and construct a nomogram prediction model. Methods The clinical data of 249 patients with TKA admitted to our hospital from December 2022 to July 2024 were selected. Patients were divided into the modeling queue (n=174) and the verification queue (n=75) according to the ratio of 7∶3. At the same time, according to whether patients developed PND or not, the modeling queue was divided into the PND group (n=62) and the non-PND group (n=112), and the verification queue was divided into the PND group (n=27) and the non-PND group (n=48). The influencing factors of PND in TKA patients were analyzed, and a nomogram prediction model was established to verify. Results High debilitation score, general anesthesia, single analgesic regimen and high VAS score were risk factors of PND, while high albumin and hemoglobin levels were protective factors of PND (P<0.05). The nomogram model was constructed, and the AUC of PND in the modeling queue and the verification queue was 0.875 (95%CI: 0.824-0.925) and 0.905 (95%CI:0.835-0.975) respectively. The results of calibration curve analysis showed that the predicted risk of PND was basically consistent with the actual situation, and the results of Hosmer-Lemeshow showed that the model fit well. The results of clinical decision curve showed that the model had high clinical application value. Conclusion High debilitating score, general anesthesia, single analgesic regimen, high VAS score and low albumin and hemoglobin levels can increase the risk of PND in TKA patients. The nomogram prediction model constructed in this study is helpful for clinical identification of high-risk groups of PND. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The predictive value of serum CTRP3 and YKL-40 for implant prognosis in patients undergoing oral implant restoration ZHONG Chongwen, TANG Dezheng 2025, 53 (3):  292-296.  doi: 10.11958/20241772 Abstract ( 69 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (792KB) ( 5 )   Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) and chitinase protein-40 (YKL-40) in the prognosis of implants in patients with dentition defect after implant restoration. Methods A total of 98 patients with dentition defect were selected as the observation group, and 98 healthy people were selected as the control group. Based on the prognosis of the implant, patients were assigned into the good prognosis group (67 cases) and the poor prognosis group (31 cases). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of CTRP3 and YKL-40. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing the prognosis of implant defects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of serum CTRP3 and YKL-40 levels in predicting implant prognosis. Results Compared with the control group, the serum CTRP3 level was prominently lower in the study group, and the serum YKL-40 level was prominently higher (P<0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the proportion of smoking patients and the serum YKL-40 level were prominently higher in the poor prognosis group, and the serum CTRP3 level was prominently lower (P<0.05). Elevated serum YKL-40 level and smoking history were risk factors for poor implant prognosis in patients, while elevated serum CTRP3 level was the protective factor (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of serum CTRP3 and YKL-40 levels was superior to any single indicator in predicting the poor prognosis of implants in patients with dentition defect. Conclusion Serum CTRP3 level is decreased and serum YKL-40 level is increased in patients with dental defect, both of which are potential factors affecting poor implant prognosis. The combination of the two is more effective in predicting implant prognosis in patients with dental defect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis of HMGB1 and MCP-1 levels and prognosis of patients with sepsis combined with AKI NI Man, GE Jun, KONG Ziang 2025, 53 (3):  297-301.  doi: 10.11958/20242035 Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (842KB) ( 7 )   Objective To analyze the correlation between the levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and the prognosis of patients with sepsis combined with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods A total of 100 patients with sepsis combined with AKI treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were included in this study and clinical data before treatment were collected. The levels of HMGB1 and MCP-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after CRRT treatment. Follow-up began on the day after the end of CRRT treatment, and the end point of follow-up was death or survival within 30 days. Patients were divided into the death group (31 cases) and the survival group (69 cases) according to survival status. Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship between HMGB1 and MCP-1 and death within 30 days after CRRT in patients with septic AKI. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to analyze the prognostic value of HMGB1 and MCP-1 in patients with sepsis combined with AKI after CRRT. Resluts The sequential organ failure (SOFA) scores, acute physiology and chronic health Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scores were lower in the survival group than those in the death group (P<0.05). After CRRT treatment, HMGB1 and MCP-1 levels were lower in the survival group than those in the death group (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that SOFA score, APACHE Ⅱscore, HMGB1 and MCP-1 increase after treatment were risk factors for death in patients with sepsis complicated with AKI. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of SOFA score, APACHE Ⅱ score, combined diagnosis of HMGB1 and MCP-1 after treatment was 0.973, which was significantly higher than that of single detection (P<0.05). Conclusion The increased levels of HMGB1 and MCP-1 in peripheral blood after treatment are independent risk factors for 30-day death in patients with sepsis complicated with AKI after CRRT treatment, and the combined prognostic value is high. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Applied Research

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Predictive value of vertebral CT parameters for early fusion sink after TLIF LI Xiaoshuo, HAN Zixu, LI Yang, LI Mengning 2025, 53 (3):  301-306.  doi: 10.11958/20241833 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1019KB) ( 6 )   Objective To investigate the prognostic value of vertebral CT parameters for early fusion sink after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods The clinical and imaging data of 178 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases treated by TLIF were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into the sedimentation group (n=57) and the non-sedimentation (n=57) group according to the patient's fusion device settlement 3 months after surgery. The results of general data and CT image parameters were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of early fusion subsidence, and the prediction efficiency was analyzed. Results The incidence of the early fusion sink was 32.0%. Compared with the non-sedimentation group, the sedimentation group had a higher proportion of patients aged ≥60 years, osteoporosis, L5-S1 and intervertebral space height, larger fusion contact area and segmental lordosis angle and lower lumbar CT value (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥60 years old, surgical level L5-S1, high intervertebral height and large segmental lordosis angle were independent risk factors for the early fusion after TLIF, while high lumbar CT value was protective factor (P<0.05). Subject working characteristic curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of lumbar CT value, intervertebral height, segmental lordosis angle combined with AUC were higher than those of patients aged ≥60 years, surgical segment L5-S1, lumbar CT value, intervertebral height, segmental lordosis angle applied alone (P<0.05). Conclusion Vertebral CT parameters of lumbar CT value, intervertebral height and segmental lordosis angle have higher predictive value for the early fusion after TLIF, and the combined prediction value of the three parameters is higher. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Epidemiological Survey

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Distribution characteristics and risk factor analysis of metabolic syndrome in children in Lubei district of Tangshan City from 2020 to 2024 GU Xiaona, CHEN Xinchun, KOU Yongmei, JI Guoqiang 2025, 53 (3):  307-311.  doi: 10.11958/20241665 Abstract ( 92 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (810KB) ( 9 )   Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children from Lubei district of Tangshan City from 2020 to 2024. Methods A total of 964 children were identified by multi-segment stratified cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted on all subjects, and the recovery rate of the questionnaire was 98.0%, with 945 samples recovered. The detection rates of MS in different populations were compared, and risk factors of MS in children were analysed by Logistic regression analysis. Results In 945 children, 49 (5.19%) had MS, and there was no significant difference in detection rate between different genders of children (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], blood lipid [triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] between children ages 7 to 10 years old and 11 to 14 years old (P > 0.05). The values of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and waist circumference (WC) were higher in boys aged 11-14 than those in girls (P < 0.05). The proportion of body weight and obesity, the proportion of physical activity time < 10 h/ week, the proportion of family history of hypertension and WC level were higher in the MS group than those in the non-MS group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that weight obesity, physical activity time < 10 h/week, family history of hypertension and high WC value were independent risk factors for MS in children (P < 0.05). Conclusion Obesity, family history of hypertension, time spent in physical activity and higher WC are strongly associated with the development of MS in children, and clinical attention should be paid to them. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Drug Clinical Evaluations

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Analysis of the effect of Shufeng Tongqiao decoction combined with methylprednisolone tablets in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp after operation DONG Wenrong, FENG Quanyue, QIN Longchao, TIAN Lijun, LI Qianqian 2025, 53 (3):  312-316.  doi: 10.11958/20242365 Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (778KB) ( 8 )   Objective To analyze the effect of Shufeng Tongqiao decoction combined with methylprednisolone tablets in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp (CRSwNP) after operation. Methods A total of 104 patients with CRSwNP underwent endoscopic nasal surgery were prospectively selected, and patients were randomly divided into the hormone group (n=52, postoperative methylprednone tablets) and the study group (n=52, postoperative combined treatment with Shufeng Tongqin Decoction). After removal and shedding, 50 cases were included in the hormone group, and 49 cases were included in the study group. The curative effect, lung wind-heat syndrome score, nasal mucosa recovery (assessed by Lund-Kennedy score system) and nasal mucosa remodeling were compared between the two groups. Serum levels of human β-defensin (HBD) -2 and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The total control rate was higher in the study group than that of the hormone group （95.92% vs. 80.00%, P<0.05). At 12 weeks after surgery, the lung meridian wind heat syndrome scores, Lund-Kennedy scores and serum HMGB1 level were lower than before surgery in both groups (P<0.05), and the study group was lower than the hormone group (P<0.05). At 12 weeks after surgery, the epithelial injury grading was better in the study group than that in the hormone group (P<0.05), and the basement membrane thickness was thinner than that in the hormone group (P<0.05). Conclusion The joint of Shufeng Tongqiao decoction and methylprednisolone tablets has a better effect on postoperative CRSwNP patients, and it can greatly improve the levels of serum hBD-2 and HMGB1, effectively inhibit nasal mucosal remodeling, and greatly improve the recovery of nasal mucosa. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effect of compound kushen injection combined with fentanyl transdermal patch in the treatment of carcinoma pain ZHANG Jingjing, XIAO Lili, ZHANG Xinjie 2025, 53 (3):  317-320.  doi: 10.11958/20241432 Abstract ( 92 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (776KB) ( 9 )   Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of compound kushen injection combined with fentanyl transdermal patch for the treatment of final stage cancer pain. Methods A total of 100 patients with cancer pain were divided into 2 groups of 50 patients each according to the randomized numerical table method. The control group was treated with fentanyl transdermal patch only, and the observation group was treated with fentanyl transdermal patch combined with compound kushen injection. The KPS score, NRS score, pain relief rate after treatment, incidence of adverse reactions and effect on levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8 and CRP were compared between the two groups. Results The pain relief rate of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the KPS score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the incidence of NRS score, IL-6, IL-8, CRP levels and gastrointestinal reactions were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of hepatic and renal damage, dizziness and somnolence between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compound kushen injection combined with fentanyl transdermal patch can effectively improve cancer pain, reduce the release of inflammatory factors, improve the patient quality of life, and the incidence of adverse reactions is low. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of trastuzumab combined with neratinib in the treatment of HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer WANG Wei, XIA Haishui, MA Shang 2025, 53 (3):  321-325.  doi: 10.11958/20241942 Abstract ( 83 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (773KB) ( 9 )   Objective To investigate the efficacy of trastuzumab combined with neratinib on human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) -2 positive metastatic breast cancer and its impact in the immune function and quality of life of patients. Methods Eighty-two patients with HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer admitted to our hospital (from June 2022 to December 2023) were included and used as research objects. Patients were separated into the neratinib group and the combination group stochastically, with 41 cases in each group. The neratinib group was treated with neratinib maleate, and the combined group was treated with trastuzumab for injection on the basis of neratinib group for 6 courses of treatment. The clinical efficacy, quality of life scores (FACT-B), immune function indicators (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+), tumor marker indicators [carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125, CA153, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)] and adverse reactions were observed before treatment and after 6 courses of treatment between two groups. Results The overall clinical symptom relief rate was greatly higher in the combination group than that of the neratinib group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in quality of life, immune function and tumor markers between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, FACT-B score, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels were higher in the two groups than before treatment (P<0.05), while CD8+, CA125, CA153 and CEA levels were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and changes of indexes were more significant in the combination group than those in the nilatinib group (P<0.05). During treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the combination group than that in the nilatinib group (P<0.05). Conclusion Trastuzumab combined with neratinib is effective and safe in the treatment of HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effect of aribulin combined with NP regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer WANG Linna, WANG Di, DONG Yanhong 2025, 53 (3):  326-330.  doi: 10.11958/20241897 Abstract ( 89 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (777KB) ( 10 )   Objective To investigate the clinical effect of aribulin combined with vinorelbine+cisplatin (NP) regimen in the treatment of advanced breast cancer patients. Methods Eighty patients with advanced breast cancer were selected and divided into the conventional group (treated with chemotherapy using NP regimen) and the combined group (treated with aribulin combined with NP regimen), with 40 cases in each group. The clinical benefit rate (CBR), objective response rate (ORR) and overall efficacy of the two groups were compared. Patients were followed for 12 months. The progression-free survival (PFS) was recorded in the two groups of patients. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, VEGFB and VEGFC before treatment and 4 cycles after treatment were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adverse reactions of patients were evaluated and graded according to common adverse event evaluation criteria. Results The ORR and CBR of the combined group were significantly higher than those of the conventional group, and the overall curative effect of the combined group was better than that of the conventional group (P<0.05). PFS in the combination group was longer than that in the conventional group (P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of VEGFA, VEGFB and VEGFC in the 2 groups were lower than those before treatment, and the levels in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group (P<0.05). The main adverse reactions of 2 groups during treatment were grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ, including neutropenia, gastrointestinal reaction, peripheral nerve abnormality, fatigue, liver function injury and alopecia, with no statistical significance. Conclusion Aribulin combined with NP regimen in the treatment of advanced breast cancer can increase CBR and decrease VEGF expression level, with good safety. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Mechanism and research progress of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute pancreatitis FAN Huijuan, LIU Taotao, LI Nan, XIA Shihai 2025, 53 (3):  331-336.  doi: 10.11958/20242422 Abstract ( 98 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (794KB) ( 16 )   Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an autopeptic disease, which can be accompanied by systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in the treatment of AP and have shown good application potential. MSCs can act through multiple mechanisms to reduce pancreatic inflammation and enhance tissue repair. These mechanisms include homing to injury sites, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, oxidative stress reduction, inhibition of apoptosis and suppression of autophagy. Additionally, MSCs can mitigate multi-organ damage associated with AP, impacting lungs, intestines, heart and other organs. Research on the application of MSCs in treating AP is predominantly at the preclinical animal study stage, with limited clinical investigations reported. This article reviews the mechanisms and research progress of MSCs in the treatment of AP, aiming to provide references for basic research and clinical applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics