Abstract: Urolithiasis is the common health problem. A considerable percentage of patients experience recurrent kidney stones with pain and urinary tract infections and even cause renal insufficiency. The high prevalence and the recurrence rate are the key problem to the treatment. It is a multifactorial disease. Research the etiology of the urolithiasis, prevention and control the disease become the hot issues. The paper to review the new research of the risk factor, such as: gender, age, environment, metabolism, and so on.

Key words: urolithiasis, etiology, metabolism , risk factor