Tianjin Medical Journal ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 478-483.doi: 10.11958/20252907

• Clinical Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Construction and validation of a prediction model for minor amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers during hospitalization

HUANG Fei1,2(), WANG Lihang1,2, SUN Guanwen2△(), BAO Huhe2, YANG Pengbo3, ZHANG Yaxing3   

  1. 1 Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014040, China
    2 Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital
    3 Inner Mongolia Medical University
  • Received:2025-09-18 Revised:2026-01-15 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-05-13
  • Contact: E-mail:928568391@qq.com

Abstract:

Objective To explore the independent risk factors for minor amputation during hospitalization in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), and to construct and validate an individualized risk prediction model. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 154 patients with DFU. Patients were categorized into the minor amputation group (48) and the non-amputation group (106) based on whether they underwent minor amputation during hospitalization. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors and construct a prediction model. Additionally, clinical data from 71 DFU patients were collected as an external validation cohort. In both the modeling and validation cohorts, the discrimination, calibration and clinical utility of the model were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Compared with the non-amputation group, higher proportion of male patients, longer ulcer duration, higher rates of deep ulcers and lower extremity arterial occlusion, elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), creatine kinase (CK), serum creatinine (Scr), triglycerides (TG) and D-Dimer were found in the minor amputation group (all P < 0.05), while the proportion of pre-hospital treatment was significantly lower in the minor amputation group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, prolonged duration of ulcer, deep ulcer, lower extremity arterial occlusion, elevated levels of Scr and D-Dimer, and lower extremity vascular occlusion were independent risk factors for minor amputation in patients with DFU (P<0.05). Receiving prehospital treatment was a protective factor. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting minor amputation in the modeling group was 0.898 (95%CI: 0.842-0.953), with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 82.1%. The AUC of the validation group was 0.887 (95%CI: 0.808-0.966), with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 77.8%. The calibration curve and DCA showed that the model had good calibration accuracy and clinical utility. Conclusion The nomogram model constructed in this study can effectively predict the risk of minor amputation during hospitalization in patients with DFU. Among them, "pre-hospital treatment" as an interventional factor provides a practical tool for the early identification of high-risk patients and the implementation of precise intervention.

Key words: diabetic foot, minor amputation, risk factors, prediction model, nomogram

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